Government Decree No. 480 / 2000 Coll.
Government regulations on health protection against non-ionising radiation
Valid
Regulation
Effective from 01.01.2001
Text versions:
01.01.2001
29.12.2000
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480
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
of 22 November 2000
on the protection of health against non-ionising radiation
The Government orders pursuant to § 35 (2), § 36 and § 108 (2) of Act No. 258 / 2000 Coll., on the Protection of Public Health and on the amendment of certain related laws, and § 134c (7) of Act No. 65 / 1965 Coll., Labour Code, as amended by Act No. 155 / 2000 Coll.:
Conditions for the protection of the health of persons
(1) The exposure of persons to electrical or magnetic fields and electromagnetic radiation with a frequency from 0 Hz to 3.1011 Hz shall be limited so that:
(a) current density induced in the body ("current density");
(b) specific in the body absorbed performance, or specific in the body absorbed energy; and
(c) the density of the radiant flux of the electromagnetic wave with a frequency exceeding 1010 Hz affecting the body or its part
do not exceed the maximum permitted values set out in Annex 1.
(2) The method of determining and assessing compliance with the conditions referred to in paragraph 1 is set out in Annex 3.
(1) For the purposes of this Regulation:
(a) non-ionising radiation from electromagnetic radiation which is unable to ionise atoms and molecules, and electrical and magnetic fields;
(b) exposure to any situation where a person is exposed to an electrical or magnetic field, an electromagnetic wave or an electric current field, caused by processes other than physiological processes or other natural processes in the body;
(c) the highest permissible values for values of quantities directly related to biological effects and arising from exposure to humans;
(d) the reference level of the value directly measurable by means of which it is established that the permitted values set out in Annex 1 cannot be exceeded for the exposed person.
(2) Further explanations of physical concepts, definitions and labelling of quantities and units, necessary mathematical relationships, physical units and physical constants used, as well as methods of characterising field and radiation sources for frequencies between 0 Hz and 3.1011 Hz are given in Annex 2.
(1) Exposure to non-ionising radiation of technological sources with a frequency from 3.1011 Hz to 1.7.1015 Hz (infrared, visible and ultraviolet radiation) shall not exceed the maximum permitted luminous flux density and the maximum permissible luminous energy density, determined for non-laser radiation in Annex 4 and for laser radiation in Annex 5.
(2) The concepts, definitions, labelling of quantities and the way in which it is determined whether any of the maximum permitted values for electromagnetic radiation from the frequency interval from 3.1011 Hz to 1.7.1015 Hz are exceeded are set out in Annex 6.
Classification of lasers, warning texts and signals
(1) Lasers are classified in accordance with the following criteria:
(a) lasers shall be classified in Class I where the limits of accessible emissions listed in Table 7 of Annex 5 ensure that at the level of the eye or skin of bundles cannot be exceeded by the maximum permitted values specified in Table 1 of Annex 5, and lasers covered in such a way that laser radiation does not get out of the enclosure either at all or attenuated to such an extent that its parameters correspond to the limit of accessible emissions for Class I laser, either that cannot be removed without the use of tools, or that laser radiation is automatically interrupted when the enclosure is scanned;
(b) lasers emitting visible light shall be classified in Class II, the luminous flux of which exceeds the limits of the accessible emission within Class I but does not exceed 10-3 W;
(c) class III.a shall be classified with lasers whose limits of accessible emissions exceed the values for classification in Class II but do not exceed those set out in Table 9 of Annex 5. In the area of visible radiation in continuous mode of the generation of radiation are lasers whose luminous flux does not exceed 5.10-3 W and the luminous flux density does not exceed 25 W. m-2;
(d) the class III.b shall be classified with lasers which do not exceed the limit of the accessible emission set out in Table 10 of Annex 5 and do not fall within the lower class;
(e) lasers shall be classified in class IV where the radiation-emitting parameters exceed the emission limit values available for class III.b;
(f) lasers which may emit on multiple wavelength are to be classified in a class corresponding to the use at which the highest risk of injury is present.
(2) The class to which the laser is classified, except for Class I lasers, shall be marked on the laser label.
(1) Lasers in Class II and above shall be equipped with a warning text corresponding to the class concerned.
(2) Lasers which are classified in Class I due to the concealment shall be marked with a prohibition on scanning the cover. If their cover needs to be removed, for example during repair, they shall be treated as class lasers when the cover is removed, corresponding to the radiation parameters specified in their technical documentation.
(3) Classes III.b and IV shall be equipped with a signal of operation, both light and acoustic, if appropriate, if appropriate. The light-signalling shall be adjusted so that it is already in operation when the power supply is connected. The colour of the signal light shall be selected in such a way that the light is visible through the protective glasses.
(4) Lasers classified in Class III.b) and IV shall be protected against entry into service by an unauthorised person, such as a lock. The spaces intended for their operation shall be marked with warning signs and a ban on unauthorised persons entering. If possible, with regard to the way the laser is used, all objects on which uncontrolled reflections could occur shall be removed from the beam path and the beam shall end with a matte target with a small reflective factor. If it is not possible to ensure the operation of the beam in such a way that it does not affect the glass in the windows, the windows shall be covered with material that does not release the radiation of the wavelength used. If such measures are not sufficient to exclude eye or skin contact by direct or reflective radiation exceeding the maximum permissible values, the persons who may be affected by laser radiation shall use appropriate protective devices, such as special protective glasses, when operating the laser.
(5) Lasers classified in class IV are placed in spaces secured by technical means so that the entry of unauthorised persons into them during the operation of the laser, for example by the end switches on the entrance door, and the beam path and access to it are adjusted so that there is no accidental interference of the eyes or skin of humans by direct, mirror or diffuse reflective radiation exceeding the maximum permissible value. If it is not possible to rule out contact of eyes or skin by radiation exceeding the maximum permissible values, adequate personal protective equipment, such as special protective glasses, shall be used. At the entrance to these spaces light signals of laser operation are placed. For impulse lasers, it shall be ensured that when the power supply is switched off, the accumulated energy is discharged to the load.
Technical documentation of lasers
Each laser shall be accompanied by the following technical documentation:
(a) the wavelength and, where appropriate, the range of wavelength of radiation emitted by the laser and the type of laser active environment; If lasers emitting more than one wavelength, all radiated wavelength shall be reported;
(b) laser radiation generation mode - continuous, impulse or impulse with high repetition frequency;
(c) the diameter of the beam of radiation at the laser output and its veracity, for the converging beam also its smallest diameter;
(d) for lasers generating radiation
1. in continuous mode, the largest luminous flux;
2. in impulse mode, radiant energy in one pulse, longest and shortest duration of one pulse, largest and smallest repetitive pulse frequency;
3. in impulse mode with high repetition frequency data as in point 2 and the largest mean radiant flux;
(e) the classification of laser into class;
(f) data on factors other than radiation arising from laser operation which could adversely affect the working environment;
(g) instructions for correct installation and installation, including construction and spatial requirements;
(h) operating instructions in both normal and emergency situations, maintenance instructions and, where appropriate, important warnings, such as a prohibition on the scanning of the housing of shielded lasers or the danger arising from the observation of the beam by optical aids;
(i) the manufacturer, the serial number of the laser and the year of its manufacture, the trade name and registered office of the manufacturer, if he is a legal person, or the place of business, if he is a natural person.
Efficacy
This Regulation shall enter into force on 1 January 2001.
Prime Minister:
Ing. Zeman v. r.
Minister for Health:
Prof. MUDr. Fisher, CSc.
Příloha č. 1
Annex No. 1 to Government Decree No. 480 / 2000 Coll.
Maximum permissible values
1. The limits for current density induced in the head and in the hull by an electrical and magnetic field with a frequency --- are set for persons exposed in the performance of their work (hereinafter referred to as "workers') and for exposed persons, excluding workers and persons exposed in treatment procedures (hereinafter referred to as" other persons') in Table 1:
Table 1
(a) peak value
* Current density J is defined as the effective value of the electric current, running perpendicular to a flat area with a content of 100 mm2 divided by the area, and for frequencies exceeding 1 kHz centered over a period of 1 second For frequencies below 1 kHz, the current density is not concentrated in time.
For simultaneous exposure to an electrical and magnetic field of the same frequency, the current density shall be determined as the sum of the current density induced by the electric field and the current density induced by the magnetic field. If the direction and phase of induced currents are known and remain approximately constant, these currents may be counted vector before being compared to the maximum permissible value for current density.
(2) The maximum permissible values for specific absorbed power (SAR) and specific absorbed energy (SA) are set out in Table 2. These maximum levels apply to the overall absorption of all the components of the electromagnetic field present in the body's tissues at a frequency interval from 100 kHz to 10 GHz.
Table 2
| Měrný absorbovaný výkon (SAR) a měrná absorbovaná energie (SA) - nejvyšší přípustné hodnoty | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Platí pro frekvence od 100000 Hz do 1010 Hz | Měrný absorbovaný výkon - SAR -středovaný pro kterýkoli šestiminutový interval a celé tělo | SAR středovaný pro kterýkoli šestiminutový interval a pro kterýchkoli 10 g a) tkáně s výjimkou rukou, zápěstí, chodidel a kotníků | SAR středovaný pro kterýkoli šestiminutový interval a pro kterýchkoli 10 g a) tkáně rukou, zápěstí, chodidel a kotníků | Špičková hodnota měrné absorbované energie SA středovaná pro kterýchkoli 10 g a) tkáně |
| zaměstnanci | 0,4 W/kg | 10 W/kg | 20 W/kg | 0,01 J/kg b) |
| ostatní osoby | 0,08 W/kg | 2 W/kg | 4 W/kg | 0,002 J/kg b) |
a) These 10 g should be selected in cube shape, not as a flat body on the body surface.
b) Applies to pulses less than 30 μs at 300 MHz to 10 GHz.
The censoring time for specific absorbed power is 6 minutes. In the case of short-term exposure (less than 6 minutes), the maximum permissible value of the specific absorbed power is therefore not exceeded if an inequality for employees is met
IRELAND ≤ 2,4 W.min.kg-1
and for others inequality
IRELAND IRELAND ≤ 0,48 W.min.kg-1.
SARi is the specific absorbed power at the ith exposure in W.kg-1 and these are the duration of the ith exposure in minutes.
3. The maximum permissible values for the radiant flux density of the electromagnetic wave from the frequency interval from 10 GHz to 300 GHz, affecting the body or part thereof are set out in Table 3.
Table 3
| Hustota zářivého toku S * – nejvyšší přípustné hodnoty | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Zaměstnanci | Ostatní osoby | ||
| frekvence ƒ /Hz | S / W.m-2 | frekvence ƒ /Hz | S /W.m-2 |
| > 1010 – 3.1011 | 50 | > 1010 – 3.1011 | 10 |
* The censoring time for frequencies of 10 GHz to 300 GHz is Tst = 1,92.1011 / Z.1.05; It's in hertz, Tst in minutes. S is the mean radiant flow density of 20 cm2 of any part of the exposed person. The maximum mean S over 1 cm2 of exposed surface shall not exceed 20 times the values given in Table 3.
4. Current exposure to multiple sources with different frequencies
4.1 If the field of the component has different frequencies, it is necessary to assess separately the electrical stimulation of the tissue induced by the density of the induced electrical current, which is applied in the frequency range from 0 Hz to 10 MHz, and the thermal action of the field that applies from 100 kHz above.
4.2 For electrical stimulation, the requirement not to exceed the maximum permissible value for the induced current density is met if inequality applies
IJU / JL, i ≤ 1.
Ji is the current density induced by the ith frequency field component and JL, i is the maximum permissible current density for ith frequency. It is added over the present frequency components from 0 Hz to 10 MHz.
4.3 In order to determine the heat performance of sources with different frequencies, which are applied at frequencies above 100 kHz, it is necessary to calculate the total specific absorbed power by adding SARi contributions from sources with frequencies from 100 kHz to 10 GHz and the total luminous flux density by adding Sj contributions from sources with frequencies from f > 10 GHz to 300 GHz. The maximum permissible value shall not be exceeded if the sum of the ratio of the total specific absorbed power to its maximum permissible value of SARL and the ratio of the total luminous flux density to its maximum permissible value of SL is less than or equal to one:
IUPAC Name:
Příloha č. 2
Annex No 2 to Decree No 480 / 2000 Coll.
Explanation of terms, mathematical relationships, used units and symbols for frequency interval from 0 Hz to 3.1011 Hz
1. Physical variables and units
The internationally accepted markings and SI units shall be used:
| Název veličiny | Označení | Jednotka | Název jednotky |
|---|---|---|---|
| proud (elektrický) | I | A | ampér |
| proudová hustota | J | A/m2 | ampér na čtverečný metr |
| intenzita elektrického pole | E | V/m | volt na metr |
| elektrická indukce | D | C/m2 | coulomb na čtverečný metr |
| elektrický náboj | q | C | coulomb |
| elektrická vodivost | σ | S/m | siemens na metr |
| frekvence (kmitočet) | ƒ | Hz | hertz |
| magnetická indukce | B | T | tesla |
| intenzita magnetického pole | H | A/m | ampér na metr |
| permeabilita | μ | H/m | henry na metr |
| permitivita | ε | F/m | farad na metr |
| hustota zářivého toku * | S | W/m2 | watt na čtverečný metr |
| měrný absorbovaný výkon | SAR | W/kg | watt na kilogram |
| měrná absorbovaná energie | SA | J/kg | joule na kilogram |
| plošná hustota energie | J/m2 | joule na čtverečný metr | |
| vlnová délka | λ | m | metr |
* absolute value of the Poynting vector S; in technical practice, the less clear name "power density" is used for this variable.
2. Physical Constants
| Název | Označení | Hodnota | Jednotka | Název jednotky |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rychlost světla | c | 2,997.108 | m/s | metr za sekundu |
| permitivita vakua | ε0 | 8,854.10-12 | F/m | farad na metr |
| permeabilita vakua | μ0 | 4π1.10-7 ≈ 1,26.10-6 | H/m | henry na metr |
| impedance vakua | Z0 | 376,73 ≈ 377 | Ω | ohm |
3. Definition of basic variables
3.1 Electrical field intensity (E)
Vector variable, equal vector F forces acting on a point electric charge divided by the size q of this charge:
E = Fq.
The electrical field intensity is given in volts per metre (V / m).
For fields that change periodically and can be described as sinus, the electric field vector either oscillates along a solid line (linear polarization) or rotates and copies the ellipse.
As the electrical field is disrupted by nearby electrically conductive objects (including persons), the exposure situation must be characterised by an intact electric field (i.e. a field such as would be at a given location without the presence of persons and without temporarily placed or portable objects).
In this Regulation the term electric field intensity is used for the size (absolute value) of vector E and is marked with the symbol E.
3.2 Magnetic induction (B)
Vector variable (B) describing the field which on the electric charge q moving at v force F equals
F = q. (v × B)
(The operator × is marked with a vector product.) The unit of magnetic induction is Tesla (T). For a field that changes periodically and can be described as sinus, the magnetic field vector either oscillates along a solid line or rotates and copies the ellipse. In this government regulation the term magnetic induction is used for the size (absolute value) of vector B and is marked with the symbol B.
3.3 Magnetic field intensity (H).
Vector variable (H), equal to vector (B) magnetic induction divided by permeability of environment μ:
H = B / μ g
The magnetic field strength unit is the amperage per metre (A / m). In this government regulation the term magnetic field intensity is used for the size (absolute value) of the vector H and is marked with the symbol H.
When describing the biological effects caused by the magnetic field, magnetic induction is more frequently used instead of magnetic field intensity. In vacuum and virtually all biological objects, these variables differ only by a multiplicative constant: the ratio of B / H between magnetic induction and magnetic field intensity is equal to vacuum permeability μ0 = 4π.10-7 henry per metre (H / m). In ferromagnetic materials, however, the B / H ratio differs by several order from the permeability of the vacuum.
For a field that changes periodically and can be described as sinus, the magnetic field vector either oscillates along a solid line or rotates and copies the ellipse.
3.4 Current density (J)
Power intensity passing perpendicular to the selected area divided by the size of the area. The unit of current density is amperes per square metre (A / m2)
3.5 Light flow density (power density) (S)
Power transmitted by an electromagnetic wave through a unit surface perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation. It is equal to the absolute value of the Poynting vector S = E × H and is expressed generally in W / m2 units.
In the case of flat electromagnetic wave, the density of the luminous flux can be determined from the intensity of E of the electrical field or from the intensity of the magnetic field H, or from magnetic induction B using the impedance of vacuum (377 h). Deal
S = E2377 = 377H2 = E.H = E.Bμ.
E and H are in units V / m, respectively A / m, B in units Tesla (T), S is in W / m2.
3.6 Specific absorbed energy (SA)
The proportion of the differential amount of energy dW and the differential amount of dm contained in the volume element dV with the density of the substance:
SA = dWdm = 1ρdWdV.
The measured absorbed energy is expressed in joule units per kilogram (J / kg)
3.7 Measured absorbed power (SAR).
Time derivative of the proportion of differential energy dW and differential amount dm contained in the volume element dV with density of the substance:
SAR = ddt dWdm = ddt1ρdWdV.
The measured absorbed power (SAR) can be calculated according to the following equivalent formulae:
SAR = σ.Ei2, (1)
SAR = cidTdt, (2)
SAR = J2ρ., (3)
Individual symbols indicate:
| Ei | intenzitu elektrického pole uvnitř tělesné tkáně v jednotkách volt na metr (V/m), |
| σ | elektrickou vodivost tkáně těla v jednotkách siemens na metr (S/m), |
| ci | měrnou tepelnou kapacitu tělesné tkáně v joulech na kilogram na stupeň Celsia, |
| časovou derivaci teploty v tělesné tkáni ve stupních celsia za sekundu (°C/s), |
| J | indukovanou proudovou hustotu v tělesné tkáni v jednotkách ampér na čtverečný metr (A/m2). |
Relationships (1) and (2) are used for higher frequencies (f > 10 MHz). At lower frequencies, it is also necessary to take into account the direct (non-thermal) effect of induced current density J on tissue processes and, when comparing exposure with the permissible value, account must be taken, where appropriate, of both SAR and induced current density.
3.8 Energy density
The amount of energy that has hit the flat area (or passed through the flat area) perpendicular to the direction of the propagation of the electromagnetic wave, divided by the area. It is expressed in joule units per square metre (J / m2).
3.9 Contact current (I)
The current flowing through the body when the human is in contact with a conductive object which is in an electrical or alternating magnetic field. The reference value is compared to the time average of the effective value of the contact current centered over a period of one second.
3.10 Induced current (i)
Current flowing through the body due to direct exposure of the person to an electrical or alternating magnetic field.
4. Explanation of general terms and definitions
4.1 Top value
Maximum value of the variable (e.g. field intensity or luminous flux density) over a given time interval.
4.2. Absolute value
The absolute value (size) of the electric field intensity vector E (t) at t is defined by the relationship
Et = Et = Ex2t + Ey2t + Ez2t
Ex (t), EY (t) and Ez (t) are the instantaneous values of the rectangular components of the time variable vector E (t) field. The same relationship applies to the magnetic induction vector B (t) and to any other vector variable.
4.3 Effective value
The effective value of Eeff of the intensity of the electric field and the effective value of Beff of the magnetic induction at a given point is equal to the square root of the time diameter of the square of the force of the field E (t) and the magnetic induction square of B (t) over the period:
Eeff = 1T ITE2tdt; Beff = 1T ITET + TB2tdt;
The same relationship shall be used to calculate the effective value of the current and the effective value of the current density.
The effective value of the luminous flux density (power density) is the time diameter of the luminous flux density over the period:
Seff = 1T Hottt + TStdt.
T is the period of the corresponding oscillating variable.
4.4 Time average (medium)
The reference levels for continuous exposure set out in Annex 3 are compared in different ways according to the biological mechanisms by which the electrical and magnetic fields of different frequencies affect the tissues of the human body:
4.4.1. For quantities characterising fields with a frequency exceeding 1 kHz and for luminous flux density, the reference levels are compared with the time averages Est, Bst and Sst calculated from the found effective values
(a) for fields with a frequency below 100 kHz or equal to 100 kHz according to relationships
Est = 1Tc iEiti or Est = 1 Tc zachtt + TcEEftdt a
Bst = 1Tc IBiti or Bst = 1Tc IBtt + TcBeftdt
a.
(b) for fields with a frequency exceeding 100 kHz and less than 10 GHz or equal to 10 GHz according to relationships
Est = 1Ts výiEi2ti or Est = 1Ts vytt + TsE2efftdt
Bst = 1Ts, iBi2ti or Bst = 1Ts, that is + TsB2efftdt; and
Sst = 1Ts iSiti, or Sst = 1Ts Izftt + TsSefftdt
with a censoring time of Ts = 6 minutes and a frequency of between 10 GHz and 300 GHz with a censoring time of Ts = 68 / (10-9.11.2007) 1,05. The frequency is in Hz units, the time Ts comes out in minutes. Ei and Bi are effective values of electrical field intensity and magnetic induction, Si is the effective density of radiant flow for the ith exposure over time ti. The terms with integrals shall be used if, in the period over which it is centered, a continuous variable time course of the instantaneous effective Eeff (t), Beff (t) and Seff (t) of the electrical field intensity, magnetic induction or luminous flux density has been recorded.
4.4.2. For fields with a frequency of less than 1 kHz, time centre is not allowed. The reference levels in this case are compared directly with the observed effective electrical field and magnetic induction values.
4.5 Time interval for determining the mean (Te, Tst)
The time at which the relevant variable is centered, such as absorbed power or electrical field intensity. For frequencies from 1000 Hz to 100 kHz, the time interval for determining the average is 1 second, for frequencies greater than 100 kHz and less than 10 GHz - 6 minutes, for frequencies from 10 GHz to 300 GHz is Tst = 1,92.1011 / Zm 1,05 (the frequency is in Hz, Tst is the census time in minutes). Values (electrical field intensity, magnetic induction, induced current density) with a frequency of less than 1000 Hz shall not be centered for comparison with the reference level or maximum permissible value.
4.6. Medium absorbed performance (Pst)
Time-centered absorbed power defined by reference
Pst = 1t2-t1
where t1 and t2 refer to the initial and final time of census of the time variable power P (t).
4.7 Static field
For the purposes of this Regulation, an electrical or magnetic field with a time change of less than 1 Hz.
4.8 Field with several frequencies
Superposition of two or more phase-incoherent components of an electromagnetic field with different frequencies.
4.9 Close field area
An area situated close to the source of the high frequency field in which the electrical and magnetic field does not have the character of a flat wave. The nearby field is further divided into the reactive area that is closest to the radiating structure and contains almost all stored energy, and the radiation area where the radiation field already predominates over the reactive field, but has a complex structure. For most antennas, the distance from the surface of the antenna is usually equal to half the wavelength beyond the outer boundary of the reactive nearby field.
4.10 Remote zone area
In this area, the character of the plane wave predominates in the field, where the vectors of its electrical components and the magnetic components are perpendicular to each other and lie in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation.
4.11 Wave impedance (Z)
The ratio of electrical field intensity to magnetic field intensity in electromagnetic wave. The wave impedance for the plane wave spreading in vacuum is Z0 = μ0 / ε0, i.e. approximately 377.
4.12 Dielectric constant - see permitivity
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Regulation Information
| Citation | Government Decree No. 480 / 2000 Coll., on Health Protection against Non-Ionising Radiation |
|---|---|
| Regulation Type | Regulation |
| Author | - |
| Collection | Code of Laws |
| Date of Promulgation | 29.12.2000 |
|---|---|
| Effective from | 01.01.2001 |
| Effective until | - |
| Status | Valid |
The regulation text is for informational purposes only.
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