Decree of the Ministry of Health of the Slovak Socialist Republic No. 65 / 1972 Coll.
Decree of the Ministry of Health of the Slovak Socialist Republic on health protection against ionising radiation
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Effective from 01.10.1972
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65
DECLARATION
Ministry of Health of the Slovak Socialist Republic
of 21 July 1972
on the protection of health against ionising radiation
The Ministry of Health of the Slovak Socialist Republic provides in the agreement with the Czechoslovak Commission on Atomic Energy and other participating bodies pursuant to § 70 (1) (b) of Act No. 20 / 1966 Coll., on the care of the health of the people:
BASIC PROVISIONS
General provisions
Anyone who uses radiation sources, places radioactive substances into the environment or otherwise can expose persons to ionising radiation (exposure) by their activities, is obliged to take all measures to protect health against such radiation within the limits of their competence. It shall in particular ensure that workers and other citizens are exposed to ionising radiation to the least extent possible and that doses and batch batches do not exceed the values set out in Annex 1, which is part of this Decree.
Radiation of persons for study and research purposes may only be carried out with the consent of persons to be irradiated and with the consent of the Slovak Socialist Republic ("the Ministry of Health ').
Interpretation of terms
In this decree, the term
"Radioactive radiator '- any radioactive substance whose total activity exceeds the values set out in Table 2 of Annex 1 to this Regulation and whose specific activity exceeds 0,002 μCi / g, if by solutions, gases or powders, and 0,01 μCi / g, if by solid natural radioactive substances;
"Radiation source '- a radioactive radiator or device (device) containing or operating a radioactive radiator producing ionising radiation with an energy greater than 5 kilowatts;
"dose-time '- dose of ionising radiation, *) caused by a radioactive substance in a particular organ or tissue 50 years after its intake into the organism;
"controlled zone '- the premises of the workplace in which workers may receive doses or receive dose-related radioactive substances per year exceeding 3 / 10 of the annual maximum permissible doses (Annex 1);
"closed radiator '- a radioactive radiator, the treatment of which ensures a proven tightness by tests and thus excludes, under foreseeable conditions of use and wear, the leakage of radioactive substances from the radiator; the closed lamp shall be accompanied by a certificate;
"Open lamp '- a radioactive lamp not complying with the conditions of a closed lamp;
"radioactive waste '- waste in a solid, liquid or gaseous state resulting from the use of radiation sources or from the extraction and treatment of raw materials and containing or contaminated with radioactive substances.
MEASURES TO PROTECTION FROM IONITING SINCE
General obligations of organisations
(1) Undertakings, cooperatives and other organisations (hereinafter referred to as "organisations") are required to:
(a) use radiation sources only to the extent strictly necessary;
(b) to take over sources of radiation only if the conditions for their safe transport and storage are established, and to use them only if their safe use or disposal is ensured;
(c) at workplaces where sources of radiation are used, define and identify controlled zones and ensure that only authorised persons have access to those zones; the definition of the controlled zone is approved by the health services authorities on a proposal from the organisation;
(d) to maintain properly the sources of radiation as well as protective equipment, equipment and measuring instruments;
(e) ensure continuous supervision of compliance with measures to protect against ionising radiation in and around the workplace;
(f) carry out the measurements needed to control the exposure of workers and to the extent specified by the health service authorities as well as the measurements or other investigations needed to control the exposure in the surroundings; an overview of the data obtained per year to the health services authorities by the end of the first quarter of the following year;
(g) to employ, while working with resources, fully qualified workers (Sections 6 and 7) and to take care of increasing their qualifications, in particular to instruct them on the right ways of work and on specific measures to protect against ionising radiation;
(h) ensure that workers in controlled zones are subject to the prescribed preventive entry, periodic, emergency and exit medical examinations, * *) allow them to participate and carry out the conclusions resulting therefrom; are also required to inform health care establishments carrying out these inspections of the exposure of workers;
(i) provide workers - according to lists issued by central authorities - with protective equipment against ionising radiation and provide them with proper personal cleansing after work with radioactive substances;
(j) to remove surface contamination in accordance with the principles set out in Annex 2, which forms part of this Decree;
(k) request the agreement of the health service authorities to carry out work related to exceeding the specified quarterly maximum allowable benefits (Annex 1);
(l) inform the health service authorities without delay of any cases where maximum permitted doses and batch batches have been exceeded;
(m) exclude from further work with radiation sources workers who are in a more serious way in breach of health protection regulations against ionising radiation; the supervisory authorities are also entitled to do so,
(n) report immediately to the health services and public safety authorities the loss or theft of the source of radiation.
(2) In order to monitor compliance with the requirements for ionising radiation, organisations are required to designate competent personnel (hereinafter referred to as "supervisors'). At the same time, these staff shall assist managers in the performance of their duties, draw their attention to the deficiencies identified and submit proposals for their removal.
General obligations of staff
Workers working in radiological workplaces shall, without prejudice to other obligations laid down in this Decree:
(a) to know and comply with regulations on health protection at work and on safety and health at work, in particular those on the use of radiation sources, *)
(b) proceed with the work in such a way that they themselves, their co-workers and other residents are at least at risk of ionising radiation and consistently use the assigned protective equipment;
(c) to handle radiation sources, protective equipment and devices and measuring instruments in a careful and correct manner;
(d) continuously increase their qualifications for working with radiation sources and deepen their knowledge of ways of protecting against ionising radiation;
(e) notify the supervisory officer or, where appropriate, the head of the workplace of the facts which alter their medical fitness to work with radiation sources, as well as any defects affecting protection against ionising radiation;
(f) undergo prescribed preventive entry, periodic, exceptional and exit medical examinations.
Eligibility of workers
(1) Only persons who have reached 18 years of age may carry out work in controlled zones are physically and mentally competent for such work and comply with the other conditions laid down in this Decree. Persons over 16 years of age, if they have not reached the age of 18, may only work in controlled zones in the framework of specialised teaching.
(2) In controlled zones, pregnant women shall not work and, if open radiators are used in these zones, mothers shall not work until the end of the 9 month after birth.
(1) The personnel directly managing the work with radiation sources and the supervising officer shall demonstrate before the work begins that they have passed the examination before the expert commission or that the latter has abandoned the examination. The members of the Commission shall be appointed by the Regional Sanitation Officer, and, if the members of the Committee are to be examined by the organisations in which the chief hygienist of the Slovak Socialist Republic ("the Chief hygienist ') is supervised, the members of the Panel shall be appointed by the Chief hygienist. The Commission shall be chaired by a designated health service professional, and its other members shall be representatives of the National Professional Safety Supervision Body and practitioners. The Commission shall refrain from carrying out an examination of persons who have completed a school or courses which, according to the Chief hygienist, provide sufficient knowledge in the protection against radiation.
(2) Other workers must demonstrate their competence in the safe treatment of sources of radiation in the intended use by examination to the supervising worker at least once a year before starting work with radiation sources and periodically thereafter. The test shall be recorded and stored at the workplace.
(3) If the competent authority has doubts as to the competence of persons working with radiation sources, it may require them to undergo the examination before the commission referred to in paragraph 1.
(4) The tests referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall examine whether workers are familiar with the methods of protection against the type of used or emerging ionising radiation at work, the safe treatment of sources of radiation, the rules for protection against ionising radiation at the workplace, the working order and the principles for protection of workplace surroundings and procedures in unforeseen cases.
Construction, equipment and operation of workplaces with radiation sources
(1) The construction and operation of radiological workplaces shall comply with the general hygiene requirements laid down for the construction, operation and maintenance of industrial enterprises and for the protection against ionising radiation. * *)
(2) The construction material, wall construction, curtain and covers, equipment and internal layout of the workplace must be chosen in such a way as to ensure sufficient protection of persons in the workplace and persons living close to the workplace in the planned way of working with radiation sources (including foreseeable accidents) and that, depending on the nature of the workplace, they can be cleaned as quickly and efficiently as possible from radioactive substances.
(3) The workplaces shall be equipped with all the necessary equipment to protect against ionising radiation and a sufficient number of suitable devices for measuring the doses or dosage inputs of all types of radiation that may occur at work. In addition, open-light workplaces shall be equipped with instruments to measure the radioactive contamination of the surfaces of workplaces and persons, as well as instruments to measure the volume activity of radioactive substances in the atmosphere of workplaces, waste water and exhalation.
(4) The project documentation of workplaces with radiation sources shall, to the extent necessary to assess all circumstances related to the protection of workers and the environment of the workplace, be submitted for approval to the health service authorities, which shall, if necessary, request the opinion of the competent authority of the state professional occupational safety oversight. Type projects of workplaces with radiation sources shall not be issued without a positive opinion from the head hygienist.
(5) When deciding on the construction of plants and equipment which, in the event of a planned operation, indicate or may place in the environment radioactive substances, the consequences of such operations or accidents for the population in their vicinity must also be assessed. It is therefore necessary to provide the authorities responsible for such construction with evidence of the extent of exposure of the population to traffic or due to possible accidents.
(6) Organisations whose activities may jeopardise the dispersion of radioactive substances as a result of an accident are required to draw up a plan of effective measures to rapidly eliminate the consequences of such an accident and submit it to the health service authorities for comments.
(1) The workplaces with radiation sources may be put into service only after all construction and installation work has been completed, after perfect cleaning and after ensuring all conditions for safe operation with radiation sources. These workplaces may be cancelled only if the sources of radiation have been removed from the workstation and decontamination of the workplaces' surfaces has been carried out.
(2) Works with radiation sources may be put into service or cancelled only with the consent of the health service authorities. For workplaces intended for work only for a predefined short period of time (transitional workplaces), such consent is necessary only if it is necessary to work with an open lamp; the establishment or cancellation of intermediate centres with other sources of radiation shall be notified without delay to the county hygienist.
(1) The controlled zones and the external surface of the devices or packages in which sources of radiation are used outside the controlled zones must bear the prescribed warning symbol. *)
(2) The following documents and records must be stored at the places of work with radiation sources and submitted to the supervisory authorities and supervisory authorities (Sections 20 and 21) upon request:
(a) authorisation to collect and use radiation sources;
(b) a record of the agreement of the supervisory authorities with the entry into service of the workplace, as well as decisions taken in the context of the supervision of the workplace;
(c) operational records of the use and, where appropriate, of the movement of sources of radiation and of the certificates of the lamps used;
(d) records of the disposal of radioactive waste;
(e) evidence of the conduct of prescribed medical examinations and proficiency tests (Section 7);
(f) records of the whereabouts of persons visiting the controlled zone.
(3) Organisations are required to keep records of:
(a) the nature of the ionising radiation work;
(b) the methods of measurement carried out both within and outside the controlled zones;
(c) the exposure of individual workers in controlled zones,
(d) the results of medical examinations of workers in controlled zones.
(4) The conditions of employment and the instructions on the procedure in the event of an accident must be posted in an accessible location (§ 12 (1)).
Transport
(1) Radioactive lamps must be transported in solid and impermeable packaging preventing leakage of content under foreseeable circumstances. Open lamps shall be transported in at least two securely sealed packages. In the case of the transport of open liquid radiators, a filling of suitable material shall be placed between the two protective packages, capable of absorbing all the quantities of radioactive material transported. The packaging and means of transport in which the radioactive radiators are transported shall be appropriately marked with a warning symbol (Section 10 (1)).
(2) If radioactive radiators are not transported between locally separated workplaces by public transport means, they shall be transported by a two-track motor vehicle equipped with such a vehicle as to prevent movement or loss of the transported lamp packaging. On the surface of the vehicle, the batch wattage at any point shall not exceed 200 mrm per hour.
(3) The details concerning the transport of radioactive substances by mass transport are laid down in specific regulations. *)
Measures in the event of an accident
(1) If there is an unplanned increase in dose input or dispersion of radioactive substances in the workplace, or if there is a risk of such consequences being caused by loss of control over the source of radiation, it is necessary to:
(a) inform the immediately supervising officer and the head of the place of work thereof;
(b) immediately close or block the area where radioactive substances have been dispersed and prevent unauthorised persons from accessing it; persons designated for decontamination work shall be allowed access to this site only if the necessary measures are followed and supervised by a worker providing protective dosimetry;
(c) examine whether internal contamination of workers with radioactive substances may have occurred; If internal contamination cannot be reliably ruled out, carry out emergency measures in the event of an accident with radiation sources while informing the nearest health care facility and sanitary services immediately of such an accident;
(d) notify the nearest health care establishment where twice the maximum permissible annual dose (Annex 1) has been exceeded,
(e) maintain the instructions given by the management of the organisation according to the nature of the workplace with the agreement of the health service authorities;
(f) to carry out a specific alert on the accident and its destruction, which shall be verified by the head of the establishment and by the supervising officer.
(2) The health service authorities may authorise further exposure and determine the conditions for further work of workers who have received higher doses as a result of a derogation from the planned operation or during rescue work or have received radioactive substances causing batch batches higher than those permitted. For workers who have received or received doses of radioactive substances causing batch batches exceeding twice the annual maximum permissible doses, they may do so only after medical examination.
(3) If the dispersal of radioactive substances to the workplace area occurs in an accident, the plan of effective action (§ 8 (6)) shall be followed and such accidents shall be reported to the health service and public safety authorities without delay; if water pollution occurs or could occur, also to the competent water management authority.
Removal of radioactive lamps and waste
(1) Organisations may not, without the consent of the health service authorities, deposit or release radioactive radiators and radioactive waste into the soil. The approval to deposit these lamps and waste into the soil shall be issued by the sanitary services in agreement with the water authorities, consent to discharge such waste into the air in agreement with the authorities of the State Technical Inspection of Air Protection. The disposal of radioactive waste by discharge into water may be carried out only with the agreement of the water authorities, issued in agreement with the health service authorities. * *)
(2) Radioactive wastes arising from the extraction and treatment of radioactive raw materials and the operation of nuclear reactors are disposed of by the organisations in which such waste is generated.
(3) Radioactive wastes which are not disposed of in accordance with paragraph 1 or in storage at the workplace must be adapted by the organisation to carry them to the central disposal site. The transport and storage of radioactive waste at the central site is provided by the organisation responsible for the operation of the Czechoslovak Atomic Energy Commission. * *) The method and conditions of taking over the radioactive waste are determined by the organisation with the agreement of the chief hygienist.
Authorisation to produce radiation sources
(1) Equipment containing radioactive radiators and equipment in which ionising radiation is produced may only be mass produced if their prototype has been positively assessed by the main hygienist. This provision also applies to equipment which is used to work with radiation sources and whose construction may affect the degree of protection against radiation.
(2) Closed lamps may be produced and repaired by organisations authorised by the Czechoslovak Atomic Energy Commission in agreement with the Ministry of Health.
(3) An organisation authorised for the production of closed lamps must carry out a leak check and contamination of the packaging of all produced lamps and keep a record of the tests carried out.
(1) A closed lamp must bear a mark and a serial number and be accompanied by a certificate if, in the cases referred to in paragraph 3, that marking and certificate are not replaced by a bulk certificate; If these conditions are not met, it shall be considered as an open lamp.
(2) The certificate of closed lamp shall contain:
(a) the registration number of the certificate;
(b) the number and mark of the lamp;
(c) indication of the type of radionuclide;
(d) an indication of the activity of the closed lamp with an indication of the date to which the activity relates, including an indication of the maximum content of the primary radionuclide or exposure rate *) in R m2 s-1, indicating the date to which it relates;
(e) indication of the chemical and physical form of the radioactive substance,
(f) indication of the dimensions of the radioactive substance,
(g) an indication of the dimensions of the lamp packaging, its material, wall thickness and method of sealing;
(h) an indication of the type and result of the tests carried out for leakage and contamination of the packaging;
(ch) the duration of the certificate,
(i) the address of the buyer;
(j) the date of issue of the certificate, the stamp of the organisation which issued the certificate and the signature of its responsible representative.
(3) Closed lamps which cannot, for technical reasons, bear a mark and a serial number, must have a mass certificate. This bulk certificate shall be issued for all lamps of the same type and size, which contain the same quantity of the same radioactive substance and are administered by the same organisation. The mass certificate shall contain the information referred to in paragraph 2, the number of individual radiators for which the certificate is issued instead of the production number and the radiator brand.
(4) The certificate of closed fluorescent lamps is issued by an organisation authorised to manufacture closed fluorescent lamps (Section 14 (2)). This organisation shall also keep records of certificates issued. In the case of a closed lamp imported, the importing foreign trade undertaking shall provide the foreign supplier with the certification data referred to in points (b) to (h) of paragraph 2.
Authorisation to collect and use radiation sources
(1) In order to collect radioactive radiators and to use radiation sources, the authorisation of the county hygienist is required. * *) The chief hygienist may extend the validity of the authorisation for the use of radiation sources to all regions.
(2) The authorisation referred to in paragraph 1 shall also be granted to organisations which have been authorised to produce radioactive radiators. This authorisation does not need organisations for research and production of radiation sources, for nuclear research and for research of nuclear fuels, which will be designated by the chief hygienist in an agreement with the Czechoslovak Atomic Energy Commission. * * *)
(3) Paragraph 1 shall not apply to the collection and use of:
(a) solid shade materials containing natural or depleted uranium or thorium;
(b) natural medicinal waters containing radioactive substances of natural origin;
(c) watches and on-board instruments, as well as other similar products containing a radiolabelled radiator or apparatus in which ionising radiation occurs, which, in view of the low degree of risk to use, shall be declared by the chief hygienist.
(4) Organisations shall record data on the reception and use of radioactive radiators, except those referred to in paragraph 3, and on the disposal of radioactive waste.
(5) Organisations which store in bulk the products referred to in paragraph 3 (c) are required to report such bulk storage to the county hygienist within 30 days.
(6) Organisations which have an authorisation under paragraph 1 may transmit radioactive radiators to another authorised organisation only after prior notification by the regional hygienist who issued the authorisation under paragraph 1.
(7) The scope of the regional hygienist set out in the previous paragraphs is exercised by the main hygienist in the uranium industry.
(1) Authorisations for the collection of radioactive radiators may be issued only if their safe transport and safe storage are guaranteed. The authorisation shall specify the type, quantity and form of radioactive substances collected, as well as the designation and exact address of the organisation and the names of the persons responsible for the collection and storage of the radioactive emitters.
(2) Authorised to use radiation sources may be issued only if all the conditions for safe handling are met. The authorisation shall specify the purpose, the conditions and the duration for which it is to be issued and, where applicable, the type, form and activity of the radioactive substances and the designation of the place of use.
(3) The authorisation referred to in Article 16 (1) may be withdrawn if significant deficiencies in storage, use or recording of radiation sources are identified. The authorisation shall cease to be valid if the conditions under which it was granted change.
(1) An open lamp shall have a accompanying sheet when it is transmitted.
(2) The accompanying sheet of an open lamp shall contain:
(a) the registration number;
(b) indication of the type of radionuclide;
(c) an indication of the chemical form of the radioactive substance,
(d) an indication of the aggregate and specific activity of the radioactive substance, indicating the date and / or time to which it relates;
(e) chemical and radiochemical purity data;
(f) an indication of the type of packaging of the radioactive substance,
(g) the address of the buyer,
(h) the date of issue and the stamp of the organisation which issued the movement certificate and the signature of its representative.
(3) The accompanying sheet of an open lamp shall be issued by the organisation which transmits the open lamp; the organisation shall also keep a record of the open lamps transmitted. Where an open lamp is imported, the importing foreign trade undertaking shall provide the foreign supplier with the data for the issue of the movement certificate referred to in paragraph 2 (b) to (f).
Imports
(1) The Organisation of Foreign Trade may only import radioactive radiators for an organisation entrusted with the Czechoslovak Atomic Energy Commission to issue certificates and movement certificates for imported radioactive radiators. *) A device containing a closed lamp may also be imported for other domestic customers, who, pursuant to Article 16, have a permit for collection or do not need such authorisation; In that case, however, the domestic customer is obliged to obtain a certificate of the closed lamp from the designated organisation. In order to require the import of the products referred to in Section 16 (3) (c), the customer must request the approval of the head hygienist.
(2) The importing foreign trade organisation must keep records of the import and transmission of radioactive radiators.
COMMON AND FINAL PROVISIONS
Supervision
(1) Supervision of compliance with measures to protect against ionising radiation is carried out by the health services authorities in cooperation with the water management authorities, the State Water Inspection, the State Technical Inspection of Air Protection, the State Technical Inspection of Safety at Work and the authorities of the Revolutionary Trade Union Movement, carrying out a social check on safety and health at work.
(2) The supervisory authorities referred to in paragraph 1 shall be entitled to enter all objects where radiation sources are, to consult the prescribed documents and to require the necessary examinations to be carried out. In so doing, the health services authorities are entitled to carry out the necessary measurements and to take samples to the extent necessary; may also give binding instructions to eliminate detected defects, including prohibition of a particular activity, order for the disposal of sources of radiation or radioactive waste and the disposal of persons.
(3) In their work, the authorities carrying out checks on workplaces with radiation sources are required to respect the principles of protection against ionising radiation.
(1) In the establishments falling within the competence of the Federal Ministry of National Defence, the Ministry of Health shall perform the tasks of the Ministry of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology in Prague, in the establishments falling within the competence of the Federal Ministry of Interior and the Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Socialist Republic, they shall be carried out by the authorities of these ministries; Where measures are needed to protect the population, they shall exercise this competence in agreement with the authorities of the sanitary services.
(2) On railways, health services are supervised by health services in close cooperation with health care and anti-epidemic care bodies. The supervision of the transport of radioactive substances on railways shall be carried out by the health and anti-epidemic care authorities of railway health in cooperation with the health service authorities.
(3) In the uranium industry organisations, supervision of compliance with measures to protect against ionising radiation is exercised by the main hygienists.
Relationship with other regulations
(1) In addition to this Decree, specific regulations issued in an agreement with the Ministry of Health on nuclear safety in the design, construction and operation of nuclear installations, on the registration of radioactive substances and fissile materials and on the supervision of the disposal of radioactive waste are still applicable.
(2) In addition to this decree, special rules issued by the authorities of the State Mining Administration apply to the field governed by the Mining Act and the regulations issued for its implementation. *)
Limitation of the scope
(1) The provisions of this Decree do not apply to:
(a) for the use of television apparatus where the exposure input at any commonly available location at a distance of 5 cm from the surface does not exceed 5 mrm per hour under normal operating conditions;
(b) for the use of devices (devices) containing closed lamps, if the batch power at any point at 10 cm from the surface of the device does not exceed 0,1 mrm per hour and if the device (apparatus) has been positively assessed by the main hygienist in the prototype.
(2) Paragraphs 7 (1) to (3), 9, 10 (1) and (4), 11 (1) and 11 (18) do not apply to research, extraction, processing and transport work on radioactive raw materials; specific rules apply to such work. *)
(3) The head hygienist may exempt from the validity of this Decree the use of certain sources of radiation or equipment which by way of implementation guarantee compliance with the requirements of protection against ionising radiation.
Exceptions
The Ministry of Health may, where justified, authorise an exemption from the provisions of this Decree, in particular from the provisions of Sections 9, 10 (1), 11 (1) and (2) and 15.
Repeal
Decree No. 34 / 1963 Coll., on sanitary protection against ionising radiation and on the management of sources of ionising radiation, is hereby repealed.
Efficacy
This decree shall take effect on 1 October 1972.
Minister:
Prof. MUDr. Mateíček, DrSc.
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Regulation Information
| Citation | Decree of the Ministry of Health of the Slovak Socialist Republic No. 65 / 1972 Coll., on the protection of health against ionizing radiation |
|---|---|
| Regulation Type | - |
| Author | - |
| Collection | Code of Laws |
| Date of Promulgation | 12.09.1972 |
|---|---|
| Effective from | 01.10.1972 |
| Effective until | - |
| Status | Valid |
The regulation text is for informational purposes only.
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