Decree No. 270 / 1993 Coll.
Ordinance of the Ministry of the Environment on the method of detection and technical means of measuring emissions for large and medium-sized sources of pollution
Valid
Effective from 04.11.1993
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270
DECLARATION
Ministry of Environment
of 7 October 1993
on the method of detection of emissions and the technical means for measuring them for large and medium-sized sources of pollution
According to § 12 (c) of the Act of the Czech National Council No. 389 / 1991 Coll., on State Air Protection Administration and Charges for Pollution:
GENERAL PROVISIONS
This Decree applies to operators of large and medium-sized air pollution sources (hereinafter referred to as "operators').
Basic concepts
(1) The measurement of emissions is a direct detection of values of measurable quantities which determine emissions in the discharge of gases into ambient air (air) under given thermodynamic conditions (pressure and temperature) or under actual conditions; the measurements are provided by the operators themselves or through the authorised person (1)
(2) Continuous measurement is continuous measurement of emissions by means of continuous measurement instruments with registration and simultaneous recording, evaluation and storage of measured data by means of computer techniques during the calendar year.
(3) The instrument for continuous measurement is the instrument that is verified for continuous measurement purposes. 2)
(4) A one-off measurement shall be the measurement of emissions carried out at the intervals prescribed by this Decree by means of partial short-term measurements.
(5) The method of measurement is the procedure for determining emissions manually using chemical and physicochemical analysis.
(6) The calculation of emissions is indirect emission detection. It shall be carried out in particular by means of emission factors of the production technology concerned.
(7) The emission factor is the ratio of the mass of the pollutant emitted from the source of pollution into the air to the mass or calorific value of the fuel or raw material.
(8) The signal shall be the real current or voltage value in the continuous measurement instrument determining the emission value.
(9) The measurement of smoke darkness by means of the Ringelmann scale is a method consisting of a comparison of the darkness of the smoke train with the corresponding degree of the Ringelmann scale by human sight. The dark colour of the smoke trawl is approximately equivalent to an increase in soot, ash and other solid and liquid particles of less than 1 micrometer.
ELIGIBILITY FOR EMISSIONS
Emission detection principles
(1) Operators shall determine the amount of emissions by measuring, if this Decision does not allow for calculation.
(2) The calculation shall determine emissions for stationary plants for the combustion of heating fuels up to 5 MW intended for heating schools, health and social services and housing. The emission factors set out in Annex 1 shall be used for the calculation.
(3) Emission detection operators shall demonstrate them by one-off measurements, unless this decree provides that they are to be determined by continuous measurements or, where appropriate, by specially modified pollution sources (Sections 15 to 18).
(4) The continuous measurement shall determine the amount of emissions for sources of pollution for which emissions of pollutants in annual operation are higher than:
(a) 200 tonnes of solid pollutants; or
(b) 1000 tonnes of sulphur dioxide; or
(c) 4 tonnes of chlorine and its compounds listed as chlorine; or
(d) 10 tonnes of organic substances referred to as elementary carbon; or
(e) 200 tonnes of nitrogen oxides reported as nitrogen dioxide; or
(f) 1 t hydrogen sulphide; or
(g) 2 tonnes of inorganic fluorine compounds declared as fluorine; or
(h) 50 tonnes of carbon monoxide;
where compliance with the emission limits of these substances is to be achieved by adjusting the technological management of the production process or depends on the function of the emission disposal installation; only those pollutants whose emissions exceed those referred to in points (a) to (h) shall be collected in this way. The non-excess of annual emissions of scheduled substances shall be demonstrated by one-off measurements. The provisions of the first sentence shall not apply to the designated sources of pollution referred to in paragraphs 15 to 18 of this Decree.
(5) The pollution source operator may, under technical organisational measures: (2a)
(a) for reasons of efficiency or economy, replace continuous emission measurements by other continuous means of monitoring the stability of the emission disposal installation, 2b); or
(b) replace continuous measurements by one-off measurements for sources with a time-limited annual operation time not exceeding 700 hours.
Method of sampling and measurement
Sample sampling and measurement shall be carried out at the point of exit of the waste gas into the air or at another appropriate place before that result, if the composition of the waste gas is the same as in the result or is precisely defined by the content of the comparator component, most frequently oxygen. If the method of sampling and measurement is not modified by state standards, it shall be carried out in the manner specified in the authorised measurement authorisation .3)
Continuous measurement
The process of continuous measurement results shall be carried out as follows:
(a) the measured signals shall be averaged over every 30 minutes of measurement; the average of the results of at least 20 valid measurements evaluated over that period at intervals of not less than one minute shall be taken as a 30-minute mean,
(b) signal values shall be converted into specified reference conditions, 4)
(c) the converted mean values are compared with 1,2 times and twice the emission limit and the excess is recorded;
(d) the values established under points (b) and (c) shall be stored in a computer memory of at least 20 classes starting on the first day of the calendar year or the first day of the start of operations. The value data shall be available at any time; printed outputs shall be processed from them on a daily basis and on the final day of the calendar year in summary form;
(e) the average daily mean is calculated from the translated mean and compared to the emission limit; overshoot shall be recorded.
When using continuous emission measurements, the emission limit shall be considered to be respected if the following conditions are met simultaneously during the calendar year:
(a) the average of all average emissions of pollutants per day is lower than the emission limit;
(b) 95% of all mean emissions of pollutants are less than 120% of the emission limit;
(c) all mean emissions of pollutants are less than twice the emission limit.
(1) When using flue gas desulphurisation technologies for the combustion of solid or liquid fuels in a thermal power plant above 50 MW, the minimum efficiency of flue gas desulphurisation, expressed as a percentage of the emission reduction, shall be measured by continuous measurement. 5)
(2) The minimum percentage reduction of emissions shall be obtained from the difference between the concentrations of sulphur dioxide before entering the desulphuriser and after the desulphurisation device which is related to the inlet concentration of sulphur dioxide to the installation after conversion of the measured values to the reference oxygen content of the flue gas.
(3) The required percentage reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions shall be achieved if the following conditions are also met during the calendar year:
(a) the average of all mean percentage reductions in sulphur dioxide emissions per day is higher than the determined value;
(b) 95% of all mean percentage reductions in sulphur dioxide emissions are higher than 90% of the determined value;
(c) all mean percentage reductions in sulphur dioxide emissions are greater than 50% of the determined value.
(4) The processing of the results of the percentage reduction of sulphur dioxide emissions shall be treated mutatis mutandis in accordance with Section 5, with the use of a percentage reduction of sulphur dioxide instead of the emission limit.
(1) Continuous measurement failures shall not be taken into account if the unset period of measurement does not exceed 5% of the total operating time of the source of pollution in the calendar year.
(2) The values relevant for the assessment of compliance with the emission limit (Paragraph 6) do not include data found at the time the pollution source is put into service or at the time it is put into service or when it is withdrawn from service or when the fault or accident is removed. The length of the permissible duration of these conditions shall be determined by the operator manual processed by the device manufacturer and shall be specified in the local operating regulation. (a)
Single measurement
Disposable measurements shall be carried out using manual methods or continuous measurement instruments. Part of the manual measurement of combustion processes is the measurement of smoke darkness according to the Ringelmann scale; the method of this measurement is given in Annex 2.
Emission detection by single measurement shall be carried out
(a) once a calendar year for large sources of pollution;
(b) every three calendar years for medium-sized sources of pollution;
but not earlier than 14 days after the demonstrable written notification of the measurement date of the Czech Environmental Inspection Office; the date of measurement will be agreed in advance by the operators with the Czech environmental inspection.
(1) For single measurements by manual methods, at least:
(a) three partial short-term measurements for sources of pollution with fixed operating conditions in normal operation and at least one further short-term measurement for each change in technical and operational parameters;
(b) six partial short-term measurements at the source of variable pollution.
(2) For single measurement using continuous measurement instruments, the minimum measurement time shall be as long as the operation of the source allows
(a) at the source of pollution with fixed operating conditions, six hours;
(b) at the source of pollution with variable operating conditions, 12 hours.
Where a manual method is used for one-off measurements, the emission limit shall be deemed to be complied with if all the measured emission values are below the emission limit value or if the emission limit is exceeded for one of three or six short-term measurements not exceeding 10%.
When used for the single measurement of continuous measurement instruments, the emission limit shall be considered to be respected if all mean emission values are below the emission limit.
Single measurement may be replaced by continuous measurement.
Measurement for rated sources of pollution
Electricity, CHP and heat plants
(1) For power plants, CHP plants and heating plants with a rated heat output above 150 MW, data on the amount of emissions of solid pollutants, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, 6) carbon monoxide and oxygen content in the flue gas shall be collected by continuous measurement.
(2) For power plants, CHP plants and heating plants with a rated heat output of up to 150 MW, the emissions of the pollutants referred to in paragraph 1 shall be measured on a one-off basis.
(3) For the sources referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2, emission measurements shall not be made:
(a) solid pollutants, if they are sources burning exclusively gaseous fuel;
(b) sulphur dioxide, if it comes to sources burning gaseous or liquid fuel, provided that the fuel supplier guarantees a constant sulphur content of the fuel at a level that does not exceed the emission limit during combustion.
(4) Where solid pollutants contain toxic elements in quantities exceeding the mass flows due to emission limits generally applicable, 7) the content of toxic elements in dust shall also be determined once a year.
Special and hazardous waste incineration plants
(1) For special waste incineration plants, (8) with the exception of municipal waste, and for hazardous waste incineration plants (9), continuous measurements shall be made:
(a) flue gas temperature and oxygen and carbon monoxide content in the flue gas;
(b) emissions of solid pollutants, hydrogen chloride, sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, for combustion plants with a power output above 1 t / h of waste incinerated.
(2) For incineration plants of special and hazardous waste with a power output up to 1 t / h, a one-off measurement shall be made at least once per calendar year of the content of solid pollutants, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons.
(3) For incineration plants of special and hazardous waste, irrespective of their performance, one-off measurements (§ 10) of the pollutants referred to in § 17 (3) shall be carried out once per calendar year, except those which may be excluded from the incineration, taking into account the composition of the waste incinerated.
(4) Continuous measurements of the temperature and oxygen content referred to in paragraph 1 (a) are carried out in the combustion chamber behind the last supply of combustion air. Oxygen measurement may also be performed behind the combustion chamber before the site of the additional air supply.
Municipal waste incineration plants
(1) For municipal waste incineration plants identified as categories other and odour10) ("municipal waste"), continuous measurement of the temperature and oxygen content of the combustion plants is carried out; and
(a) emissions of solid pollutants and carbon monoxide in combustion plants for combustion plants with a power output above 1 t / h of municipal waste incinerated;
(b) the content of hydrogen chloride, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in combustion plants with a power output exceeding 3 t / h of municipal waste incinerated.
(2) Continuous measurement of the temperature and oxygen content referred to in paragraph 1 shall be carried out in the combustion chamber behind the last supply of combustion air. Measurements of air content may also be carried out behind the combustion chamber before the site of the additional air supply.
(3) For all municipal waste incineration plants, the content of:
(a) hydrogen fluoride;
(b) metals and their compounds, as follows:
- lead,
- chromium,
- copper,
- manganese,
- thallium,
- nickel,
- arsenic,
- cadmium,
- mercury,
- cobalt,
(c) organic substances expressed as a sum carbon;
(d) polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans.
(4) For municipal waste incineration plants up to 3 t / h, the following content shall be collected at least once per calendar year by means of one-off measurements:
(a) hydrogen chloride,
(b) sulphur dioxide,
(c) oxides of nitrogen.
Manufacture of lime, cement and magnesite processing
(1) The production of lime, cement and magnesite processing is carried out
(a) for the firing of raw materials, continuous measurements of the content of solid pollutants, oxides of nitrogen (calculated as NO2) and sulphur dioxide;
(b) for grinding equipment and chillers, continuous measurements of the content of solid pollutants;
if the individual mass flows of emissions of scheduled substances exceed 15 kg / h.
(2) Continuous measurement of the sulphur dioxide content referred to in paragraph 1 (a) may be omitted if its concentration is continuously below 50% of the emission limit value. This condition is demonstrated by one-off measurements.
(3) In the case of internal heating shaft limestone furnaces, the content of the substances referred to in paragraph 1 (a) shall be measured in such a way as to obtain representative values in relation to the periodically binding cycle, either by one-off measurement using manual methods in the range of § 11 (1) (b) or by one-off measurement using continuous measurement instruments in the range of § 11 (2) (b).
Continuous measurement techniques
For continuous measurements, methods and instruments shall be used which meet the technical requirements set out in Annex 3.
FINAL PROVISIONS
Transitional provision
(1) For large and medium-sized sources of pollution put into service before the entry into force of this Decree, continuous measurements under this Order must be initiated no later than 1 January 1996; until that time it is permissible to replace this method of measurement by one-off measurements or calculations.
(2) Paragraph 1 shall not apply to:
(a) sources of pollution for which the Czech Environmental Inspection Centre has set a deadline for reaching the emission limits of the new resource (12) for the period after 1 January 1996; in such cases, continuous measurements must be started at the date thus determined;
(b) sources of pollution, the operation of which will be terminated by 31 December 1998 at the latest following the decision of the Czech Environmental Inspectorate on emission limits (12); in such cases, emissions shall be determined by one-off measurements or calculations.
Efficacy
This decree shall take effect on the day of its publication.
Minister:
z. Novotný v. r.
First Deputy
Příloha č. 1
Annex No 1 to Decree No 270 / 1993 Coll.
Emission factors values for the determination of pollutant emissions by calculation
Emission factors for normal combustion methods
| druh paliva | druh topeniště | tepelný výkon kotle | tuhé látky | SO2 | NOx | CO | CxHy | aldehydy | jednotka |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| všechna tuhá mimo čer. uhlí a koks | pevný rošt | jakýkoliv | 1,0.Ap | 19,0.Sp | 3,0 | 45,0 | 10,0 | 0,0025 | kg/t spáleného paliva |
| čer. uhlí a koks | jakýkoliv | 1,0.Ap | 19,0.Sp | 1,5 | 45,0 | 10,0 | 0,0025 | ||
| hnědé uh., pro - plástek, lignit, brikety | do 3 MW | 1,9.Ap | 19,0.Sp | 3,0 | 5,0 | 1,5 | 0,0025 | ||
| pásový rošt | nad 3 MW | 1,9.Ap | 19,0.Sp | 3,0 | 1,0 | 0,5 | 0,0025 | ||
| čer. uhlí tříd. a prachové, jiná tuhá pal. | do 3 MW | 1,7.Ap | 19,0.Sp | 3,0 | 5,0 | 1,5 | 0,0025 | ||
| nad 3 MW | 1,7.Ap | 19,0.Sp | 7,5 | 1,0 | 0,5 | 0,0025 | |||
| všechna tuhá paliva mimo čer. uhlí a koks | pás. rošt s pohazov. | jakýkoliv | 5,0.Ap | 19,0.Sp | 3,0 | 1,0 | 0,5 | 0,0025 | |
| pohybl. rošt (přesuv. vratný aj.) a komb. r. + + olej r. + plyn | 3,5.Ap | 19,0.Sp | 3,0 | 1,0 | 0,5 | 0,0025 | |||
| granul. a komb . r. + práš. prášek + + plyn | 8,5.Ap | 19,0.Sp | 6,0 | 0,5 | 0,15 | 0,0025 | |||
| tavící | 5,5.Ap | 19,0.Sp | 15 | 0,5 | 0,15 | 0,0025 | |||
| cyklon | 1,5.Ap | 19,0.Sp | 27,5 | 0,5 | 0,15 | 0,0025 | |||
| černé uhlí a koks | pásový rošt | jakýkoliv | 5,0.Ap | 19,0.Sp | 7,5 | 1,0 | 0,5 | 0,0025 | kg/t spáleného paliva |
| pohybl. rošt (přesuv. vratný aj.) a komb. r. + + olej r. + plyn | 3,5.Ap | 19,0.Sp | 7,5 | 1,0 | 0,5 | 0,0025 | |||
| granul. a komb. r. + práš. prášek + + plyn | 8,5.Ap | 19,0.Sp | 9,0 | 0,5 | 0,15 | 0,0025 | |||
| tavící | 5,5.Ap | 19,0.Sp | 15 | 0,5 | 0,15 | 0,0025 | |||
| cyklon | 1,5.Ap | 19,0.Sp | 27,5 | 0,5 | 0,15 | 0,0025 | |||
| dřevo | jakékoliv | do 3 MW | 12,5 | 1,0 | 3,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | - | |
| nad 3 MW | 15,0 | 1,5 | 3,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | - | |||
| těžký a stř. top. olej | jakékoliv | do 100 MW | 2,91 | 20.S | 10,0 | 0,53 | 0,37 | 0,13 | |
| nad 100 MW | 1,06 | 20.S | 13,4 | 0,42 | 0,26 | 0,13 | |||
| lehký top. olej | jakékoliv | jakýkoliv | 2,13 | 20.S | 10,0 | 0,59 | 0,41 | 0,25 | |
| nafta a podobná | jakékoliv | jakýkoliv | 1,42 | 20.S | 5,0 | 0,71 | 0,41 | 0,30 | |
| propan- -butan | jakékoliv | do 3 MW | 0,45 | 0,02.S (0,004) | 2,4 | 0,46 | 0,18 | - | |
| nad 3 MW | 0,42 | 0,02.S (0,004) | 2,8 | 0,37 | 0,07 | - | |||
| koksáren - ský plyn | jakékoliv | do 3 MW | 302 | 2,0.S (9500) | 1920 | 320 | 128 | - | kg/106.m3 spáleného plynu |
| nad 3 do 100 MW | 290 | 2,0.S (9500) | 3700 | 270 | 48 | - | |||
| nad 100 MW | 240 | 2,0.S (9500) | 9600 | 270 | 16 | - | |||
| generáto- rový plyn | jakékoliv | do 3 MW | 302 | 2,0.S (6500) | 1920 | 320 | 128 | - | |
| nad 3 do 100 MW | 290 | 2,0.S (6500) | 3700 | 270 | 48 | - | |||
| nad 100 MW | 240 | 2,0.S (6500) | 9600 | 270 | 16 | - | |||
| vysoko- pecní plyn | jakékoliv | do 3 MW | 302 | 2,0.S (150) | 1920 | 320 | - | - | kg/106.m3 spáleného plynu |
| nad 3 do 100 MW | 290 | 2,0.S (150) | 3700 | 270 | - | - | |||
| nad 100 MW | 240 | 2,0.S (150) | 9600 | 270 | - | - | |||
| svítiplyn | jakékoliv | do 0,2 MW | 20 | 2,0.S (85) | 800 | 320 | 128 | - | |
| nad 0,2 do 5 MW | 20 | 2,0.S (85) | 960 | 320 | 128 | - | |||
| nad 5 do 50 MW | 20 | 2,0.S (85) | 1600 | 270 | 48 | - | |||
| nad 50 do 100 MW | 20 | 2,0.S (85) | 2000 | 270 | 48 | - | |||
| nad 100 MW | 20 | 2,0.S | 2500 | 270 | 16 | - | |||
| zemní plyn | jakékoliv | do 0,2 MW | 20 | 2,0.S (9,6) | 1600 | 320 | 128 | - | |
| nad 0,2 do 5 MW | 20 | 2,0.S (9,6) | 1920 | 320 | 128 | - | |||
| nad 5 do 50 MW | 20 | 2,0.S (9,6) | 3300 | 270 | 48 | - | |||
| nad 50 do 100MW | 20 | 2,0.S (9,6) | 4200 | 270 | 48 | - | |||
| nad 100 MW | 20 | 2,0.S (9,6) | 5000 | 270 | 16 | - |
Note: If the sulphur content of the fuel Sp is not known, the numbers in brackets are used.
Ap - ash content in the original fuel sample [% m / m]
Sp - sulphur content of the original fuel sample [% m / m]
Příloha č. 2
Annex No 2 to Decree No 270 / 1993 Coll.
Measurement of smoke darkness using the Ringelmann scale
A) Description of the Ringelmann scale and its use
1. The Ringelmann scale consists of five square fields (degrees). In each field, there is a rectangular net of black lines of such thickness and density that the field corresponds to a certain percentage of black on a white background. A distinction is made between 0 and 5 Ringelmann degrees:
(a) Grade 0 consists of a pure white field with a defined light reflectance of 80% (optical characteristics of the paper on which it is printed);
(b) stage 1 corresponding to 20% of black on white background;
(c) stage 2 corresponding to 40% of black on white background;
(d) stage 3 corresponding to 60% black on white background,
(e) Grade 4 corresponding to 80% black on white background,
(f) Grade 5, which corresponds to 100% of the black colour, is not part of the scale and is used to control printing excellence. The black colour used to print the scale shall have a reflectance of 5%.
2. Ringelmann scale for measuring smoke darkness
This copy is given for information, it cannot be used for own measurements for graphic reasons.
% Darkness (Ringelmann degree)
B) Procedure for measuring and evaluating smoke darkness using the Ringelmann scale
1. When measuring the darkness of smoke according to this method, the darkness of smoke is compared to the Ringelmann scale. The observer shall carry out measurements from 150 to 400 m from the source (observed chimney). The direction of the smoke trawl coming out of the chimney shall be approximately at the right angle to the direction of observation. The background of the smoke trawl is designed to form scattered sky light during the day. Observation may not be performed against the sun or against the installation or surrounding terrain. The observer shall, when measuring the operational scale of Ringelmann in a freely stretched arm, be held so that the network of individual fields is poured into different grey levels. By comparing the scale with the smoke trawl at the point of exit of the smoke from the chimney crown, the degree of darkness of the smoke shall be determined.
2. 30 measurements shall be made at regular half-minute intervals. From the measurements made, the average darkness of smoke shall be determined according to the relationship
H = Pi. RiP
where H is the average smoke darkness in Ringelmann degrees
P is the total number of measurements (30)
Pi is the number of measurements at which a certain Ri was measured
Ri is the measured degree of dark smoke according to the Ringelmann scale.
C) The record of the measurement and evaluation carried out shall be made in the form of a protocol:
Příloha č. 3
Annex No. 3 to Decree No. 270 / 1993 Coll.
Technical requirements for continuous measurement methods and instruments
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Regulation Information
| Citation | Decree of the Ministry of the Environment No. 270 / 1993 Coll., on the method of detection of emissions and on the technical means for measuring them for large and medium sources of pollution |
|---|---|
| Regulation Type | - |
| Author | - |
| Collection | Code of Laws |
| Date of Promulgation | 04.11.1993 |
|---|---|
| Effective from | 04.11.1993 |
| Effective until | - |
| Status | Valid |
The regulation text is for informational purposes only.
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