Decree No. 205 / 1946 Coll.
Regulation establishing uniform accounting principles
Valid
Effective from 19.11.1946
205.
Government Regulation
of 5 November 1946
laying down uniform accounting principles.
The Government of the Czechoslovak Republic hereby orders pursuant to § § § 1 and 2 of the Act of 16 May 1946, No. 116 Coll., on the uniform organisation of the company's accounting:
Tasks of uniformly organised accounting and accounting system.
The accounts organised under this Regulation shall:
(a) to record in writing and in an orderly manner the situation and changes in assets (assets) and capital (liabilities or liabilities and equity or net worth), costs and revenues and to determine the company's profit or loss;
(b) to provide the information necessary for economic planning and tax purposes and to enable business economy to be established and monitored;
(c) be in such a reciprocal relationship with other branches of the company's accounting system that their results can be checked and verified.
Undertakings must have double accounting.
Content, nature and types of accounting records.
Accounting records shall be shown in an orderly manner in the business (accounting cases).
The accounting records shall be true, understandable, clear and easily controllable.
(1) The accounting records must be made unless otherwise provided for in Article 6 (1), in a double sequence:
(a) according to the timing of the accounting cases (time or chronological entries); and
(b) according to the material arrangements of the accounting cases (systematic or systematic entries).
(2) The accounts referred to in paragraph 1 shall form the basis of the accounts. It must provide, in connection with the accounting records provided for in § 6, paragraph 4, at least a general overview of the state and changes in assets and capital, as well as costs and revenues, and be a starting point for drawing up the accounts (financial accounts).
(3) Timetable entries are made in the diary (s) and cannot be replaced by a collection of accounting documents.
(4) Continuous entries are made in accounts.
(5) Each accounting case must be evident from the time entries; the accounting records of homogeneous accounting cases are allowed to be collected (collected) during periods of no more than one month and then recorded in bulk in the relevant accounts.
(1) The timing of accounting cases may be waived in accounting records,
(a) by which any systematic entries (such as investment, stocks, wages) are distributed or supplemented in more detail; or
(b) to monitor more closely the various sections of the undertaking's internal operation, in particular in terms of costs and revenues (in operational accounts).
(2) The accounting records referred to in paragraph 1 may be made in amounts of money or in units of quantities; However, where the type or need for operation of this requires it, it shall be carried out in both cash amounts and units of quantities.
(3) The General Secretariat of the Economic Council (hereinafter referred to as "the General Secretariat") shall determine in the mandatory directives provided for in the provisions of Section 2, paragraph 1 of Act No 116 / 1946 Coll. (hereinafter referred to as "the Act") whether and which types of accounting records referred to in paragraph 1 must be carried out on the undertakings, where applicable, in the manner in which they are implemented.
(4) The accounting records of claims and debts must be distributed by individual debtors and creditors; changes in individual claims and debts must also be made to the accounting records according to the timing of the books.
Accounting records on the custody of securities and other matters entrusted to monetary institutions (money undertakings) must be made according to the time and material arrangements of the accounting cases.
Organisation of accounting records.
(1) For the purposes of the uniform organisation of accounts, two types of accounts shall be distinguished:
(a) balance sheet accounts, showing the state and changes in assets and capital; and
(b) profit and loss accounts, showing costs and revenues.
(2) It is not permitted to carry accounts showing balance sheet and profit and loss balances (mixed accounts).
(1) The basis for the uniform organisation of accounts is the chart of accounts in which all accounts are brought together in an effective manner.
(2) The chart of accounts is composed of accounting classes which are divided into accounting groups and which are subdivided into accounts. The accounts shall be divided into sub-accounts, if necessary, which may be further divided.
(3) Tens shall be used for the numbering of the account classes, account groups, accounts and after sub-accounts.
(4) When organising the accounts, care must be taken to ensure that the accounts provide the necessary numerical evidence to compare individual undertakings in the same sector and allow for an analysis of their assets, capital, costs and revenues.
(1) The General Secretariat shall issue, in binding directives pursuant to the provisions of Section 2, paragraph 1 of the Act and under this Regulation, an indicative schedule of accounts for enterprises in the various sectors of the economy (such as industry, money industry).
(2) The General Secretariat may adjust the indicative accounts in more detail according to the specific needs of the various economic groups (for example, the metal, wood industry; bank, savings banks, advances) and issue the trade union accounts for these groups in the explanatory notes provided for in Section 2, paragraph 2 of the Act and under this Regulation.
(1) In each undertaking, the organisation of its accounts shall be required to draw up a schedule of accounts, which shall be determined in accordance with the relevant guidelines, after the trade union chart or sub-accounts to be held on the holding.
(2) The choice, division and numbering of the accounts, after the sub-accounts in the balance sheet, must be governed by the provisions of the mandatory directives, after the explanatory notes issued by the General Secretariat; the type of activity of the undertaking and the size and organisation of the undertaking must be taken into account.
(3) When drawing up the balance sheet, care must be taken to ensure that the assets and capital components are not merged or compensated, as well as costs and revenues which would prevent the tasks set out in Section 9 (4).
(4) The accounting groups, accounts and sub-accounts must be named correctly according to their content.
If the accounts are organised in such a way as to create closed separate units, an organic link between them must be maintained; such entities must be organised in such a way that the company's overall accounts can be implemented.
Accounting books and forms of accounting records.
Accounting records shall be made in books which may be either linked or kept as loose sheets.
(1) Where the name of the undertaking or company is used for the accounting records of bound books, each of them must bear the title of the company or company before the beginning of the accounting year, according to its content, and each must bear a sheet by sheet or page by page by order number.
(2) Each undertaking shall have a list of binding books held on the holding.
For accounting entries referred to in Sections 5 and 6, paragraph 4, it is permitted to use blank sheets,
(a) where a time or a systematic entry is made in the ledger; or
(b) if both the time and the continuous registration are produced by means of a copy (the writing accounts); or
(c) if both the time and the systematic recording are produced simultaneously by printing; or
(d) if it is an accounting method for working with punch labels.
(1) When using loose sheets in the cases referred to in paragraphs 15 (b), (c) and (d), the following conditions must be met:
(a) the sheets for the time sheets are to be provided with the serial numbers (sheets or pages) and the sheets described for at least each year of the past year bound in a book or other permanent link in the whole;
(b) with the exception of the notes on claims and debts (personal accounts), the other sheets (in kind) shall be newly established for each financial year and shall be kept in place in an orderly manner for each outstanding financial year as a whole;
(c) on each sheet the header must be duly inscribed;
(d) the amount of money charged must be added or recalculated at the end of each sheet described, and appropriate provision should be made for a link with the entries on the next sheet;
(e) the document relating to the personal and factual accounts used must be kept in a separate binding book;
(f) the sheets described must be stored in an orderly manner.
(2) In the case referred to in Paragraph 15 (a), the provisions of paragraph 1 for accounting entries to be made on blank sheets shall apply mutatis mutandis.
(3) The provisions of paragraph 1 (a), (c) to (f) apply mutatis mutandis if the blank sheets are also used for the accounting records referred to in Section 7.
(1) The accounting records must be made in ink, by machine or by other means guaranteeing their durability. The use of ink pencils is permitted in the hand-written accounting and in the accounting records provided for in § 6 (1).
(2) For the entire accounting texts in the accounting notes provided for in Sections 5, 6, 4 and 7, the characters (symbols) may only be used for accounting or punch-card machines; a list of all such characters should be drawn up indicating their importance. This list must be linked to journal sheets.
(3) Accounting entries are not allowed to be made by shorthand.
(4) The link between accounting documents and accounting records must be taken care of; it shall also ensure that there is a link between the accounting records of the same accounting case.
(5) If open lines or blank areas are created in the books between each accounting entry, these places must be crossed out in at least the text column.
(6) For the purpose of the efficient management of accounts, it is permitted to keep blank pages or sheets between individual accounts in a binding ledger.
(7) The accounting records may not be made in whole or in part by unreadable crossing or otherwise; it is not permitted to make such changes in them which could not be ascertained whether they were made at the original registration or later.
Accounting documents.
(1) The accounting records must be duly documented.
(2) The accounting document must contain at least:
(a) the date of receipt of the received or the date of issue of the dispatched and the others on the undertaking of the documents received;
(b) the text clarifying the accounting case;
(c) the amount of money or indication of the quantity to be entered in the accounts;
(d) an indication that the accounting document has been entered in the accounts;
(e) the signature of the person (s) responsible for the accuracy or examination of the accounting document.
(3) The ticket must be numbered according to the pre-defined order.
(4) For accounting documents, standard formats shall be used as far as possible.
(5) Article 17 (3) and (7) applies mutatis mutandis to accounting documents; accounting documents may not be written in plain pencil.
(1) Accounting documents should be kept in an orderly manner.
(2) The accounting documents relating to the accounting records referred to in Sections 5, 6, 4 and 7 and the accounting documents relating to contacts between the establishments of the same undertaking must be kept in place for a period of 10 years from the end of the financial year to which they relate.
(3) For the safekeeping of accounting documents for accounting records to be prescribed by binding directives pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph 6 (3), shorter time limits than those laid down in paragraph 2 may be laid down in those binding directives.
It shall remain without prejudice to the specific provisions on longer periods laid down for the storage of accounting documents.
The accounts.
(1) The books, containing the accounting records provided for in Sections 5 and 6, must be duly closed on the date on which the financial year ends (balance sheet or balance sheet date).
(2) At the balance sheet date, a detailed inventory of the company's assets and capital should be provided according to the actual situation. For each asset and capital component, the value shall also be stated.
(3) In undertakings in which stock records are kept pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph 6 (1) and where stock stocks are consistently compared with stock records during the financial year, they may be used for a regular inventory of those stocks which appear to be recorded on the balance sheet date. However, the condition is that a comparison of stocks with their stock records occurred in the last four months before the balance sheet date.
(4) In undertakings in which investment records are kept pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph 6 (1) and in which investment records are consistently compared during the financial year, where possible, the stock of investments with their records may be used for a regular inventory of the total totals of the balance sheet balances, as appears from this record on the balance sheet date, in aggregate at least according to the accounting groups prescribed by the accounting schedule. However, the condition is that a comparison of the investment situation with their registration took place in the last six months before the balance sheet date.
(5) The inventory of assets and capital is to be entered in the inventory, kept as a binding book or on loose sheets to be bound or joined in whole. Where certain components of assets and capital are recorded in detail in the inventory statements, their aggregate cash amounts may be included in the inventory; The list sheets should then be kept as an annex to the list.
(6) The inventory of assets and capital must be entered in the inventory at the latest on the date of signature of the accounts.
(1) The accounts to be drawn up by the undertaking at the balance sheet date consist of a balance sheet or balance sheet and a profit and loss account.
(2) The balance sheet is to be presented on the basis of the company's inventory of assets and capital at the balance sheet date.
(3) The profit and loss account provides comprehensive costs and revenues; it shall show the undertaking's profit or loss over the previous financial year.
(4) When recognising the economic result of an undertaking, care must be taken to ensure that that result can be distinguished between operating and non-operating; This distinction can also be made in accounting (for example in operating accounting).
(5) The individual items of the balance sheet and profit and loss account must be shown by accounting entries.
(6) For the breakdown of balance sheet items and profit and loss accounts, the General Secretariat shall issue balance sheet and profit and loss accounts formulas in binding directives under the provisions of Section 2, paragraph 1 of the Act.
(1) The balance sheet, profit and loss account and the inventory of assets and capital must be drawn up in the crowns of the Czechoslovak Republic.
(2) The accounts must be entered in a separate ledger (the ledger). In undertakings where the clearance of accounts is reserved for special bodies, the accounts must be entered in the book of accounts no later than one week after such approval.
(3) The accounts and the inventory of assets and capital must be signed by an individual entrepreneur in the undertaking, in the undertaking of a public commercial company, in the limited liability company and in the limited liability company, in the company of the public limited liability company, in the company of the company, in the company of the company of the company of profit and loss-making and in the company of their management board and, after approval by the competent supervisory authority, in the national undertaking of the director and in the central (regional) authority of the national undertakings of the central (regional) director; the date on which this happened must be added to the signature.
Articles 4, 14 and 17 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the roster (§ 21 (5)) and to the ledger (§ 23 (2)).
Balance sheet for establishment.
When setting up an undertaking, a detailed inventory of the company's assets and capital shall be provided and a balance sheet drawn up on its basis. This balance sheet must be entered in the book of accounts and signed in accordance with the provisions of Paragraph 23 (3).
Final provisions.
The provisions of Article 33 of the General Commercial Code referred to in the Law of 17 December 1862, No 1 September 1863, after the provisions of Article 30 of the Law of XXXVII / 1875 (Commercial Act) apply to the deposit of books, booklets and accounts.
(1) Small enterprises do not have to fulfil the obligations under Sections 2, 5 to 11, 15, 18 to 25 if they manage the books in accordance with the models issued by the General Secretariat in the binding directives under the provisions of Section 2, paragraph 1 of the Act and if they organise accounting documents and draw up the accounts in the manner permitted in those binding directives.
(2) The General Secretariat shall lay down in binding directives which undertakings in each economic sector shall be regarded as small undertakings within the meaning of paragraph 1.
The explanatory notes, issued by the General Secretariat pursuant to the provisions of § 2, paragraph 2 of the Act, will be published in the Official Journal of the Czech Republic and in the Official Journal (Úradnom vestník).
The General Secretariat will issue binding directives and explanatory notes in accordance with the provisions of § 2 of the Act after hearing the Central Council of Trade Unions and of the following top economic organisations or departments: the National Banks of the Czechoslovak, Central Council of Cooperatives, the Central Union of Foreign Affairs, the Central Union of the Czechoslovak Transport Union, the Central Union of Commerce, the Central Union of Industry, the Central Association of Slovak Industry, the Central Union of Crafts, the Central Administration of Banks, the Insurance Board, the Single Union of Czech Farmers, the Single Union of Slovak Farmers, the Commercial and Industrial Chambers in Bratislava, depending on which economic sectors or economic groups are to be governed by binding directives or explanatory notes.
Negotiations and omissions, contrary to the provisions of this Regulation, are punishable under Section 5 of the Act.
Pursuant to the provisions of Section 3 of the Act, the General Secretariat shall, by means of a decree in the Official Gazette of the Czechoslovak Republic and in the Official Journal (Úradnom vestník), where it becomes compulsory for a certain number of undertakings to comply with the provisions of this Regulation.
This Regulation shall enter into force on the day of its publication; by the Prime Minister.
Dr Zenkl v. r.
Dr Šrámek v. r.
Ursines v. r.
Fierlinger v. r.
Broad v. r.
Maj-Gen Svoboda v. r.
Dr. Ripka v. r.
Nosek v. r.
Dr Dolansky v. r.
Dr Stránská v. r.
Dr Drtina v. r.
Kopecký v. r.
Děuriš v. r.
Wasted v. r.
Dr Pietor v. r.
Ing. Kopecký v. r.
Hala v. r.
Dr. Unedible v. r.
Dr Procházka v. r.
Majer v. r.
Dr Franek v. r.
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Regulation Information
| Citation | Decree No. 205 / 1946 Coll., laying down uniform accounting principles |
|---|---|
| Regulation Type | - |
| Author | - |
| Collection | Code of Laws |
| Date of Promulgation | 19.11.1946 |
|---|---|
| Effective from | 19.11.1946 |
| Effective until | - |
| Status | Valid |
The regulation text is for informational purposes only.
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