Act No. 101 / 1963 Coll.
Law on Legal Relations in International Trade (International Trade Code)
Valid
Effective from 01.04.1964
Contents
HLAVA I
DÍL I
§ 1
DÍL II
§ 2
§ 3
§ 4
DÍL III
§ 5
HLAVA II
DÍL I
§ 6
§ 7
§ 8
§ 9
§ 10
§ 11
§ 12
DÍL II
§ 13
§ 14
§ 15
§ 16
§ 17
§ 18
§ 19
§ 20
§ 21
DÍL III
Oddíl 1
§ 22
§ 23
§ 24
§ 25
Oddíl 2
§ 26
§ 27
§ 28
§ 29
§ 30
§ 31
§ 32
§ 33
§ 34
§ 35
§ 36
§ 37
§ 38
§ 39
Oddíl 3
§ 40
§ 41
§ 42
§ 43
Oddíl 4
§ 44
§ 45
§ 46
§ 47
§ 48
DÍL IV
Oddíl 1
§ 49
§ 50
§ 51
§ 52
§ 53
§ 54
§ 55
§ 56
Oddíl 2
§ 57
§ 58
§ 59
§ 60
§ 61
§ 62
§ 63
§ 64
§ 65
Oddíl 3
§ 66
§ 67
§ 68
§ 69
§ 70
Oddíl 4
§ 71
DÍL V
§ 72
§ 73
§ 74
§ 75
DÍL VI
Oddíl 1
§ 76
§ 77
§ 78
§ 79
§ 80
§ 81
§ 82
§ 83
§ 84
§ 85
§ 86
§ 87
§ 88
§ 89
§ 90
§ 91
§ 92
§ 93
§ 94
Oddíl 2
§ 95
§ 96
§ 97
§ 98
§ 99
HLAVA III
DÍL I
§ 100
§ 101
§ 102
§ 103
§ 104
§ 105
DÍL II
§ 106
§ 107
§ 108
§ 109
§ 110
§ 111
§ 112
§ 113
§ 114
§ 115
§ 116
§ 117
§ 118
§ 119
§ 120
§ 121
§ 122
§ 123
DÍL III
Oddíl 1
§ 124
§ 125
§ 126
§ 127
§ 128
§ 129
§ 130
§ 131
§ 132
Oddíl 2
§ 133
§ 134
§ 135
§ 136
§ 137
Oddíl 3
§ 138
§ 139
§ 140
§ 141
§ 142
§ 143
§ 144
§ 145
§ 146
§ 147
§ 148
§ 149
§ 150
§ 151
§ 152
§ 153
§ 154
§ 155
§ 156
§ 157
DÍL IV
Oddíl 1
§ 158
§ 159
§ 160
§ 161
§ 162
§ 163
§ 164
§ 165
§ 166
§ 167
§ 168
§ 169
§ 170
§ 171
§ 172
§ 173
§ 174
§ 175
§ 176
§ 177
§ 178
§ 179
§ 180
§ 181
§ 182
§ 183
§ 184
Oddíl 2
§ 185
§ 186
§ 187
§ 188
§ 189
§ 190
Oddíl 3
§ 191
§ 192
§ 193
§ 194
Oddíl 4
§ 195
§ 196
§ 197
§ 198
§ 199
§ 200
§ 201
§ 202
§ 203
§ 204
§ 205
Oddíl 5
§ 206
Oddíl 6
§ 207
§ 208
§ 209
Oddíl 7
§ 210
DÍL V
Oddíl 1
§ 211
§ 212
§ 213
§ 214
§ 215
§ 216
§ 217
§ 218
§ 219
§ 220
§ 221
§ 222
Oddíl 2
§ 223
§ 224
Oddíl 3
§ 225
§ 226
§ 227
§ 228
DÍL VI
Oddíl 1
§ 229
§ 230
§ 231
§ 232
Oddíl 2
§ 233
§ 234
Oddíl 3
§ 235
§ 236
§ 237
§ 238
§ 239
§ 240
§ 241
§ 242
§ 243
§ 244
Oddíl 4
§ 245
§ 246
§ 247
§ 248
§ 249
§ 250
Oddíl 5
§ 251
§ 252
§ 253
§ 254
§ 255
§ 256
§ 257
DÍL VII
Oddíl 1
§ 258
§ 259
§ 260
§ 261
§ 262
§ 263
Oddíl 2
§ 264
Oddíl 3
§ 265
§ 266
§ 267
§ 268
§ 269
§ 270
Oddíl 4
§ 271
Oddíl 5
§ 272
Oddíl 6
§ 273
Oddíl 7
§ 274
Oddíl 8
§ 275
HLAVA IV
DÍL I
Oddíl 1
§ 276
§ 277
Oddíl 2
§ 278
§ 279
§ 280
§ 281
§ 282
§ 283
§ 284
§ 285
§ 286
§ 287
§ 288
§ 289
§ 290
§ 291
§ 292
§ 293
§ 294
§ 295
§ 296
§ 297
§ 298
§ 299
§ 300
§ 301
§ 302
§ 303
§ 304
§ 305
§ 306
§ 307
§ 308
§ 309
§ 310
§ 311
§ 312
§ 313
§ 314
§ 315
§ 316
§ 317
§ 318
§ 319
§ 320
§ 321
§ 322
§ 323
§ 324
§ 325
§ 326
§ 327
§ 328
§ 329
§ 330
§ 331
§ 332
§ 333
§ 334
§ 335
§ 336
§ 337
§ 338
Oddíl 3
§ 339
§ 340
§ 341
§ 342
§ 343
§ 344
§ 345
§ 346
§ 347
§ 348
§ 349
§ 350
§ 351
§ 352
§ 353
§ 354
§ 355
§ 356
§ 357
§ 358
§ 359
§ 360
Oddíl 4
§ 361
§ 362
§ 363
§ 364
§ 365
§ 366
§ 367
§ 368
§ 369
§ 370
§ 371
§ 372
§ 373
§ 374
§ 375
§ 376
§ 377
§ 378
§ 379
§ 380
§ 381
§ 382
§ 383
§ 384
DÍL II
Oddíl 1
§ 385
§ 386
§ 387
Oddíl 2
§ 388
Oddíl 3
§ 389
Oddíl 4
§ 390
Oddíl 5
§ 391
Oddíl 6
§ 392
§ 393
§ 394
Oddíl 7
§ 395
§ 396
§ 397
Oddíl 8
§ 398
§ 399
§ 400
Oddíl 9
§ 401
§ 402
§ 403
§ 404
DÍL III
Oddíl 1
§ 405
§ 406
§ 407
§ 408
§ 409
Oddíl 2
§ 410
§ 411
§ 412
§ 413
§ 414
Oddíl 3
§ 415
§ 416
§ 417
Oddíl 4
§ 418
DÍL IV
§ 419
§ 420
§ 421
§ 422
§ 423
DÍL V
§ 424
§ 425
DÍL VI
§ 426
§ 427
§ 428
§ 429
§ 430
DÍL VII
§ 431
§ 432
§ 433
§ 434
§ 435
§ 436
§ 437
§ 438
DÍL VIII
§ 439
§ 440
§ 441
§ 442
§ 443
§ 444
§ 445
§ 446
§ 447
§ 448
§ 449
§ 450
§ 451
§ 452
§ 453
DÍL IX
§ 454
§ 455
§ 456
§ 457
§ 458
§ 459
§ 460
§ 461
§ 462
DÍL X
§ 463
§ 464
§ 465
§ 466
§ 467
§ 468
§ 469
DÍL XI
§ 470
§ 471
§ 472
§ 473
§ 474
DÍL XII
§ 475
§ 476
§ 477
§ 478
§ 479
§ 480
§ 481
§ 482
§ 483
§ 484
§ 485
§ 486
§ 487
§ 488
§ 489
§ 490
DÍL XIII
§ 491
§ 492
§ 493
§ 494
§ 495
§ 496
§ 497
§ 498
§ 499
§ 500
§ 501
§ 502
§ 503
§ 504
DÍL XIV
§ 505
§ 506
§ 507
§ 508
§ 509
§ 510
§ 511
§ 512
§ 513
§ 514
§ 515
§ 516
§ 517
§ 518
§ 519
§ 520
DÍL XV
§ 521
§ 522
§ 523
§ 524
§ 525
§ 526
§ 527
§ 528
§ 529
§ 530
§ 531
§ 532
§ 533
§ 534
§ 535
DÍL XVI
Oddíl 1
§ 536
§ 537
§ 538
§ 539
§ 540
§ 541
§ 542
§ 543
§ 544
§ 545
§ 546
§ 547
Oddíl 2
§ 548
§ 549
§ 550
§ 551
§ 552
§ 553
§ 554
§ 555
§ 556
§ 557
§ 558
§ 559
§ 560
§ 561
§ 562
§ 563
§ 564
§ 565
Oddíl 3
§ 566
§ 567
§ 568
§ 569
§ 570
§ 571
§ 572
§ 573
§ 574
DÍL XVII
§ 575
§ 576
§ 577
§ 578
§ 579
§ 580
§ 581
§ 582
§ 583
§ 584
§ 585
§ 586
§ 587
§ 588
§ 589
§ 590
§ 591
§ 592
§ 593
§ 594
§ 595
§ 596
§ 597
§ 598
§ 599
DÍL XVIII
Oddíl 1
§ 600
§ 601
§ 602
§ 603
§ 604
§ 605
§ 606
Oddíl 2
§ 607
§ 608
§ 609
§ 610
§ 611
§ 612
§ 613
§ 614
§ 615
§ 616
§ 617
§ 618
§ 619
§ 620
§ 621
§ 622
§ 623
§ 624
DÍL XIX
§ 625
§ 626
§ 627
§ 628
§ 629
§ 630
§ 631
§ 632
§ 633
§ 634
§ 635
§ 636
§ 637
§ 638
§ 639
§ 640
§ 641
§ 642
§ 643
§ 644
§ 645
§ 646
§ 647
§ 648
§ 649
§ 650
§ 651
§ 652
DÍL XX
Oddíl 1
§ 653
§ 654
§ 655
§ 656
§ 657
§ 658
§ 659
§ 660
Oddíl 2
§ 661
§ 662
§ 663
§ 664
Oddíl 3
§ 665
§ 666
§ 667
§ 668
§ 669
§ 670
§ 671
§ 672
§ 673
§ 674
§ 675
Oddíl 4
§ 676
§ 677
§ 678
§ 679
§ 680
Oddíl 5
§ 681
§ 682
§ 683
§ 684
§ 685
DÍL XXI
§ 686
§ 687
§ 688
§ 689
DÍL XXII
Oddíl 1
§ 690
§ 691
§ 692
§ 693
Oddíl 2
§ 694
§ 695
§ 696
DÍL XXIII
§ 697
§ 698
§ 699
§ 700
§ 701
§ 702
DÍL XXIV
§ 703
§ 704
§ 705
§ 706
§ 707
§ 708
§ 709
§ 710
§ 711
§ 712
§ 713
§ 714
§ 715
DÍL XXV
§ 716
§ 717
§ 718
DÍL XXVI
§ 719
§ 720
HLAVA V
§ 721
§ 722
§ 723
§ 724
§ 725
§ 726
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101.
THE LAW
of 4 December 1963
on legal relations in international trade (International Trade Code)
The National Assembly of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic decided on this law:
INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS
Purpose of the law
The purpose of this Act is to regulate in a comprehensive manner property relations in international trade on the basis of the principle of full legal equality and the inadmissibility of any discrimination against any of the participants in international trade, thus helping to develop economic relations of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic with all countries, without regard to differences in their social and state establishment, thereby contributing to the consolidation of peaceful coexistence and friendship between nations.
Subject matter
(1) The following shall be regarded as originating in international trade within the meaning of this Act:
(a) property relationships on the basis of which the transfer of a right in kind, obligation or other economic value between persons who do not have their registered office (domicile) in the territory of the same State has taken place or is to take place in any form whatsoever;
(b) property relationships having as their object the use of a case or the use of a right or other economic value to be made in the territory of a State in which one of the parties has no registered office (residence);
(c) property relationships having as their object the activity or stay of which does not have a registered office (residence) in the territory of the same State;
(d) property relations arising from the procurement or the pursuit of the maritime transport of consignments or the hiring of ships or the conclusion of contracts for the operation of ships;
(e) property relations from another transport where the place of departure and the place of destination are not in the territory of the same State or are in the territory of the State in which one of the parties has no registered office (residence);
(f) property relations from banking relations between participants not having their registered office (domicile) in the territory of the same State, or where such relationships are carried out in connection with one of the other relationships referred to in this paragraph;
(g) property relationships arising from insurance against the risk of damage arising from any of the other legal relationships referred to in this paragraph;
(h) property relationships the object of which is a control activity carried out in connection with one of the other legal relationships referred to in this paragraph;
(ch) other property relationships arising in connection with any of the previous legal relationships referred to in this paragraph, in particular as a result of their amendment or termination, or due to the nullity of an act which was intended to establish them, or the irrevocability of legal acts shortened by the parties to such relations, or arising in connection with the provision, performance or infringement of their obligations or the exercise of rights arising therefrom, provided that they are governed by this law;
(i) other property relationships arising between traders who do not have their registered office (domicile) in the territory of the same State.
(2) The law shall not apply to the property relations referred to in paragraph 1 if, or if, when they are created by participants, it is undoubtedly obvious that they arise in order to satisfy the personal needs of at least one of their participants or other of their own needs. However, the law also applies to such a legal relationship, whether or not it is clear to the participants that the legal relationship constitutes a legal whole with a relationship in which such needs are not met.
(3) The Act does not apply to the acquisition of real estate.
If, under private international law, the Czechoslovak legal order is to be applied, in particular if the persons concerned choose Czechoslovak law or designate Czechoslovak civil law as relevant for the regulation of the legal relationship, this law shall apply only if it concerns a relationship in international trade within the meaning of this Act (§ 2).
The provisions of this Act shall apply only if there is no other international treaty which the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic is bound by.
Legal nature of the individual provisions
The Parties may agree to a derogation from the provisions of this Law unless it is expressly provided that they cannot be derogated from.
COMMON PROVISIONS
Persons
Participants in legal relations in international trade may be legal and natural persons.
The eligibility of a natural person to have rights and obligations and own legal acts to acquire rights and to assume obligations (legal capacity) shall be assessed under the Civil Code.
(1) Legal persons shall be undertakings and other organisations, provided that they are entitled to the rights and obligations under which they are established.
(2) Czechoslovak legal entities are in particular foreign trade undertakings and other economic organisations registered in the company register. These legal persons are traders within the meaning of this Act.
(3) The State is also eligible for rights and obligations.
(1) Legal ratios of legal persons shall be governed by the laws under which they have been established or by the statutes issued pursuant to those rules, in particular specifying the name of the legal person and specifying which authorities they act and how they cease to exist.
(2) However, legal acts which their authorities take on behalf of a legal person or a State within the limits of their powers are always legal acts of a legal person or State. Paragraph 52 applies mutatis mutandis.
Where a legal person has members, the members shall not be liable for its obligations unless otherwise provided for in this law or in specific provisions.
Czechoslovak legal persons, in particular foreign trade and international shipping companies, are responsible for the breach of their obligations by their property and the State is not liable for their obligations; such legal persons shall not be liable for claims against the State or against other legal persons.
The facts entered in the register in which the legal person is registered shall be effective against all third parties. If the registration did not include a fact which was to be registered in accordance with the provisions of the country where the register is kept, it may not be relied on against third parties unless such persons know or must know about it.
Matters of law
(1) Matters, rights or other economic values may be the subject of a legal relationship; things are material objects and manageable natural forces that serve the needs of people.
(2) The case is also a commodity where, on the basis of the legal relationship to which it is subject, a transfer of ownership takes place.
Real estate is a solid foundation for land and buildings connected with the country. Other things are things that are movable.
Goods determined by species are those which are determined by number, measure or weight and may be replaced by other items of the same kind and quality. Other things are individual things. In doubt, the case is considered to have the nature of a case determined by type.
(1) A part of the matter is all that belongs to it according to its nature and cannot be separated without devaluation of the matter or the separate part.
(2) Unless otherwise expressly agreed, the legal effects relating to the matter also concern their parts and are therefore not a separate subject of the legal relationship.
(1) If something else has not been agreed upon, it is the responsibility of the things that belong to the owner of the main thing and are intended to be used permanently with the main thing. Accessories do not lose anything about their nature if it is temporarily separated from the main thing.
(2) Interest, interest on late payments and the costs associated with its application before a court shall be the responsibility of the claim.
(3) In doubt, it is considered that the legal effects concerning the main issue also concern accessories.
The provisions of this Law on legal relations, the object of which is a movable matter, shall apply mutatis mutandis to legal relations the object of which is a law or other economic value, where their nature so permits.
The liability law authorises a particular person (creditor) to fulfil it by a person designated by a binding relationship (debtor).
The right in kind provides for the right to appeal to anyone to refrain from tampering with the performance of that right and to remove the malfunctioning. Legal rights include, in particular, property law, lien, lien and detention law.
If the right to operate under the contract is to apply to third parties, this must be expressly stated in the contract and this right must be established in a manner similar to that of establishing a lien with such effect.
Legal acts
General provisions
(1) Any act or other act (omission) that clearly shows the will to establish, amend or revoke the rights or obligations which the legislation attaches to such a statement.
(2) The speech of will may be made explicitly or in no other way, in the light of the circumstances in which it took place, of doubts as to what the participant wanted to express.
(1) The expression of the will must be interpreted in a manner consistent with the actual will of the person acting and the nature of the conduct in question, taking into account the circumstances in which the will was made and taking into account fair trade; In doubt, it is considered that the parties concerned wanted the will to be valid.
(2) The expression of will, which contains an expression which allows for different interpretations, must be interpreted to the detriment of those who have used such an expression.
(1) Where the law or agreement of the parties requires a written or other special form for the act, the act shall be valid only if the form has been maintained. Otherwise, legal acts do not require specific forms.
(2) The legal act in respect of which the legislation or agreement of the persons concerned requires a written form is valid only from the signature of the person concerned; where more than one person is acting, signatures need not be on the same instrument. The signature of the person who cannot or cannot write will replace the letter of confirmation of his consent by two witnesses.
(3) In writing, telegraphic and telex communications as well as data contained in the commercial documents issued by mechanical means shall also be considered.
(4) Replacement or imitation of signature by mechanical means is sufficient only where it is customary in trade.
The will manifests itself against the absent person only from the moment it runs out.
Invalidity of legal acts
Legal action must be taken freely and seriously, certainly and clearly, otherwise it is invalid.
(1) The expression of will to which the other party has been led by deceit or wrongful threat of reasonable fear is invalid. The same applies if a third party so wishes and the other party knew about it.
(2) The threat, if justified, is unjust if it has been enforced by something which has not been achieved.
A legal act shall be null and void if its content or purpose is contrary to, or circumvented by, a legal prohibition or if its object is impossible to perform.
If the reason for the annulment is limited to a part of the legal act, this shall not affect the validity of the part remaining, unless, by reason of the nature or content of the legal act or of the circumstances in which it took place, it is clear that one part is not to be separated from the other.
If an invalid act contains an element of another act, such an act is unaffected if it is clear from the circumstances that such an act would be the will of the person in question had it known that the act was null and void.
(1) The annulment of a legal act pursuant to Article 26 or Article 27 may only be invoked by the person for whose protection the ground of validity is established.
(2) A legal act which is invalid pursuant to § 26 or § 27, which has been subsequently approved by the person for whose protection the ground of invalidity is established or which has been subsequently clarified between the participants, establishes rights and obligations as if the legal act had been valid from the outset.
(1) If a different act is to be covered by a legal act made on the face, that other act shall apply if the will of the participants and all its formalities are fulfilled.
(2) The annulment of a legal act taken on the spot cannot be relied on against a participant who considered it serious.
(1) An error makes the act of law invalid if it concerns its substance and the person to whom the will is determined knew or had to know about the error of the other party. The error is essential,
(a) where the object or quality of the performance is concerned to the extent that the person concerned, having regard to the nature of the legal act, would not have been a legal act if he had known of the error;
(b) where a person and a legal act would not have taken place without such error.
(2) Where there is an error in other circumstances, the legal act shall be valid, unless that circumstance is decisive in accordance with the will of the circumstances.
The error does not render the legal act invalid in the sense.
(1) Numerous errors do not render the legal act invalid.
(2) The person on whose side the numerical error has occurred is obliged to correct it if requested.
If the will has been altered by media or other circumstances, it shall be assessed in accordance with the provisions on error.
The person who has caused the legal action to be annulled shall be obliged to make good the damage to the person who has been designated by the legal act and who has suffered the damage because of his trust in its validity.
Where an authority of a legal person exceeds its authorisation, the rights and obligations of a legal person shall arise where the legal act relates to the object of its business or belongs to its normal business, unless the other party is aware of the excess.
If they exceed their authorised representatives, the provisions of Sections 51 to 65 shall apply.
Opposition to legal acts
The creditor may request the court to declare that the following legal consequences do not have any effect on the creditor if the creditor has been shortened by them:
(a) the legal acts of which have acquired the rights of a person who has been or must have been known by that legal act to be shortened by the creditors of the debtor;
(b) legal acts undertaken by the debtor for the benefit of the spouse, children, siblings or parents, unless they prove that they did not know or need to know about the shortening of the creditors;
(c) free of charge legal acts of the debtor, in so far as they do not concern the performance of statutory obligations.
(1) The right to oppose legal acts may be exercised against the person in respect of whom the legal act has been taken or which has arisen from the contrary act of the debtor.
(2) Under the terms of Paragraph 40, the creditor may also oppose the legal acts of the persons referred to therein if they have transferred to other persons the benefit obtained from the debtor of the short-term creditor by a contradictory legal act.
The creditor may claim from a person to whom he has successfully exercised his opposition right in order to give him satisfaction of his claim for what he has missed from the debtor's assets by a contradictory legal act. If this is not possible, he shall be entitled to cash compensation.
The legal act may be resisted only within three years of the debtor's making it.
Condition
(1) The creation, modification or termination of the right may be subject to compliance.
(2) The condition is a postponement if the performance depends on whether the legal consequences of the transaction arise. The condition is untying if it depends on whether the consequences already arise.
(3) Unless otherwise provided for in a legal act or in its nature, the condition shall be deemed to be deferred.
(1) If a participant to whom the condition for failure to fulfil is in favour intentionally thwarts it, the condition for the failure to comply shall apply.
(2) A participant who has no right to do so and to benefit from it shall not be taken into account for the fulfilment of the condition.
The postponement condition which, at the time of the legal act, is illegal or not fulfilled makes it invalid. If the postponement condition is later legally illegal or not fulfilled, it shall not be fulfilled. The legal or non-negotiable condition for untying shall not be taken into account.
The effects of the fulfilment of the condition have been reversed since the legal act took place, unless, by the will of the parties or according to the nature of the act, the effects of the act or its cancellation occur at a different time. If the legal act resulting in repeated or continuous performance is dependent on the condition of untying, it shall not have any effect on the performance that has already taken place unless the participants have agreed otherwise.
A participant that is conditionally obliged shall, until a decision is made on the condition, abstain from anything that could make it impossible or difficult to fulfil its conditional obligation.
Representation and power of attorney
Basic provisions
The legal act may also be carried out through a representative. The right to represent someone is based on the law, on an official or judicial statement or on the granting of a power of attorney or authorisation pursuant to § 66 and 71.
If it is not obvious that someone acts as a representative, it is considered to be acting in their own name.
Where a representative is acting on behalf of a representative who is represented within the limits of the authorisation, the rights and obligations of the representative shall be established. The specific instructions given by the representatives shall not affect the rights and obligations of other persons if they are not known.
Where it is of legal importance whether the represented person is in good faith or whether he knew or had to know about a particular circumstance, this shall also be taken into account with the representative, unless it is a circumstance which occurred prior to the authorisation to represent him. A representative who is not in good faith cannot invoke the good faith of a representative.
If the representative exceeds the authorisation, the representative shall be bound only if he approves the excess. However, if the represented person does not notify the person with whom the representative has been consulted of his disagreement without undue delay after having been informed of the excess of the authorisation, the excess shall be approved.
(1) If a representative has exceeded his or her authorization in a legal act or if someone has acted without such an authorisation, he or she shall be bound by the legal act, unless the represented legal act has subsequently been approved without undue delay. If the act represented is not approved, the other person concerned shall have the right, at his choice, to request either performance or compensation of the person acting as representative.
(2) The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the other interested party knew of the defect in the representation.
(1) The representative is normally to act in person, but is entitled to appoint a representative himself,
(a) if he is a representative by law or by decision of the Office or of a court;
(b) if he is a procurer,
(c) if he is a representative to the conduct of the dispute;
(d) has been expressly authorised to appoint a representative.
(2) Even the legal acts of another representative give rise to rights and obligations directly represented.
The Tribunal may appoint a representative (guardian) to the person whose residence is unknown or absent, or for any other serious reason, if necessary to protect his interests.
Power of attorney
(1) In a legal act, a natural or legal person may be represented by a power of attorney.
(2) The principal must specify the extent of the agent's authority to represent him.
(3) Where a legal act for which a full power is granted requires written form, a full power must also be granted in writing.
Special powers of attorney for a single legal act or type of legal action shall be required only if expressly provided for by law.
Contents
HLAVA I
DÍL I
§ 1
DÍL II
§ 2
§ 3
§ 4
DÍL III
§ 5
HLAVA II
DÍL I
§ 6
§ 7
§ 8
§ 9
§ 10
§ 11
§ 12
DÍL II
§ 13
§ 14
§ 15
§ 16
§ 17
§ 18
§ 19
§ 20
§ 21
DÍL III
Oddíl 1
§ 22
§ 23
§ 24
§ 25
Oddíl 2
§ 26
§ 27
§ 28
§ 29
§ 30
§ 31
§ 32
§ 33
§ 34
§ 35
§ 36
§ 37
§ 38
§ 39
Oddíl 3
§ 40
§ 41
§ 42
§ 43
Oddíl 4
§ 44
§ 45
§ 46
§ 47
§ 48
DÍL IV
Oddíl 1
§ 49
§ 50
§ 51
§ 52
§ 53
§ 54
§ 55
§ 56
Oddíl 2
§ 57
§ 58
§ 59
§ 60
§ 61
§ 62
§ 63
§ 64
§ 65
Oddíl 3
§ 66
§ 67
§ 68
§ 69
§ 70
Oddíl 4
§ 71
DÍL V
§ 72
§ 73
§ 74
§ 75
DÍL VI
Oddíl 1
§ 76
§ 77
§ 78
§ 79
§ 80
§ 81
§ 82
§ 83
§ 84
§ 85
§ 86
§ 87
§ 88
§ 89
§ 90
§ 91
§ 92
§ 93
§ 94
Oddíl 2
§ 95
§ 96
§ 97
§ 98
§ 99
HLAVA III
DÍL I
§ 100
§ 101
§ 102
§ 103
§ 104
§ 105
DÍL II
§ 106
§ 107
§ 108
§ 109
§ 110
§ 111
§ 112
§ 113
§ 114
§ 115
§ 116
§ 117
§ 118
§ 119
§ 120
§ 121
§ 122
§ 123
DÍL III
Oddíl 1
§ 124
§ 125
§ 126
§ 127
§ 128
§ 129
§ 130
§ 131
§ 132
Oddíl 2
§ 133
§ 134
§ 135
§ 136
§ 137
Oddíl 3
§ 138
§ 139
§ 140
§ 141
§ 142
§ 143
§ 144
§ 145
§ 146
§ 147
§ 148
§ 149
§ 150
§ 151
§ 152
§ 153
§ 154
§ 155
§ 156
§ 157
DÍL IV
Oddíl 1
§ 158
§ 159
§ 160
§ 161
§ 162
§ 163
§ 164
§ 165
§ 166
§ 167
§ 168
§ 169
§ 170
§ 171
§ 172
§ 173
§ 174
§ 175
§ 176
§ 177
§ 178
§ 179
§ 180
§ 181
§ 182
§ 183
§ 184
Oddíl 2
§ 185
§ 186
§ 187
§ 188
§ 189
§ 190
Oddíl 3
§ 191
§ 192
§ 193
§ 194
Oddíl 4
§ 195
§ 196
§ 197
§ 198
§ 199
§ 200
§ 201
§ 202
§ 203
§ 204
§ 205
Oddíl 5
§ 206
Oddíl 6
§ 207
§ 208
§ 209
Oddíl 7
§ 210
DÍL V
Oddíl 1
§ 211
§ 212
§ 213
§ 214
§ 215
§ 216
§ 217
§ 218
§ 219
§ 220
§ 221
§ 222
Oddíl 2
§ 223
§ 224
Oddíl 3
§ 225
§ 226
§ 227
§ 228
DÍL VI
Oddíl 1
§ 229
§ 230
§ 231
§ 232
Oddíl 2
§ 233
§ 234
Oddíl 3
§ 235
§ 236
§ 237
§ 238
§ 239
§ 240
§ 241
§ 242
§ 243
§ 244
Oddíl 4
§ 245
§ 246
§ 247
§ 248
§ 249
§ 250
Oddíl 5
§ 251
§ 252
§ 253
§ 254
§ 255
§ 256
§ 257
DÍL VII
Oddíl 1
§ 258
§ 259
§ 260
§ 261
§ 262
§ 263
Oddíl 2
§ 264
Oddíl 3
§ 265
§ 266
§ 267
§ 268
§ 269
§ 270
Oddíl 4
§ 271
Oddíl 5
§ 272
Oddíl 6
§ 273
Oddíl 7
§ 274
Oddíl 8
§ 275
HLAVA IV
DÍL I
Oddíl 1
§ 276
§ 277
Oddíl 2
§ 278
§ 279
§ 280
§ 281
§ 282
§ 283
§ 284
§ 285
§ 286
§ 287
§ 288
§ 289
§ 290
§ 291
§ 292
§ 293
§ 294
§ 295
§ 296
§ 297
§ 298
§ 299
§ 300
§ 301
§ 302
§ 303
§ 304
§ 305
§ 306
§ 307
§ 308
§ 309
§ 310
§ 311
§ 312
§ 313
§ 314
§ 315
§ 316
§ 317
§ 318
§ 319
§ 320
§ 321
§ 322
§ 323
§ 324
§ 325
§ 326
§ 327
§ 328
§ 329
§ 330
§ 331
§ 332
§ 333
§ 334
§ 335
§ 336
§ 337
§ 338
Oddíl 3
§ 339
§ 340
§ 341
§ 342
§ 343
§ 344
§ 345
§ 346
§ 347
§ 348
§ 349
§ 350
§ 351
§ 352
§ 353
§ 354
§ 355
§ 356
§ 357
§ 358
§ 359
§ 360
Oddíl 4
§ 361
§ 362
§ 363
§ 364
§ 365
§ 366
§ 367
§ 368
§ 369
§ 370
§ 371
§ 372
§ 373
§ 374
§ 375
§ 376
§ 377
§ 378
§ 379
§ 380
§ 381
§ 382
§ 383
§ 384
DÍL II
Oddíl 1
§ 385
§ 386
§ 387
Oddíl 2
§ 388
Oddíl 3
§ 389
Oddíl 4
§ 390
Oddíl 5
§ 391
Oddíl 6
§ 392
§ 393
§ 394
Oddíl 7
§ 395
§ 396
§ 397
Oddíl 8
§ 398
§ 399
§ 400
Oddíl 9
§ 401
§ 402
§ 403
§ 404
DÍL III
Oddíl 1
§ 405
§ 406
§ 407
§ 408
§ 409
Oddíl 2
§ 410
§ 411
§ 412
§ 413
§ 414
Oddíl 3
§ 415
§ 416
§ 417
Oddíl 4
§ 418
DÍL IV
§ 419
§ 420
§ 421
§ 422
§ 423
DÍL V
§ 424
§ 425
DÍL VI
§ 426
§ 427
§ 428
§ 429
§ 430
DÍL VII
§ 431
§ 432
§ 433
§ 434
§ 435
§ 436
§ 437
§ 438
DÍL VIII
§ 439
§ 440
§ 441
§ 442
§ 443
§ 444
§ 445
§ 446
§ 447
§ 448
§ 449
§ 450
§ 451
§ 452
§ 453
DÍL IX
§ 454
§ 455
§ 456
§ 457
§ 458
§ 459
§ 460
§ 461
§ 462
DÍL X
§ 463
§ 464
§ 465
§ 466
§ 467
§ 468
§ 469
DÍL XI
§ 470
§ 471
§ 472
§ 473
§ 474
DÍL XII
§ 475
§ 476
§ 477
§ 478
§ 479
§ 480
§ 481
§ 482
§ 483
§ 484
§ 485
§ 486
§ 487
§ 488
§ 489
§ 490
DÍL XIII
§ 491
§ 492
§ 493
§ 494
§ 495
§ 496
§ 497
§ 498
§ 499
§ 500
§ 501
§ 502
§ 503
§ 504
DÍL XIV
§ 505
§ 506
§ 507
§ 508
§ 509
§ 510
§ 511
§ 512
§ 513
§ 514
§ 515
§ 516
§ 517
§ 518
§ 519
§ 520
DÍL XV
§ 521
§ 522
§ 523
§ 524
§ 525
§ 526
§ 527
§ 528
§ 529
§ 530
§ 531
§ 532
§ 533
§ 534
§ 535
DÍL XVI
Oddíl 1
§ 536
§ 537
§ 538
§ 539
§ 540
§ 541
§ 542
§ 543
§ 544
§ 545
§ 546
§ 547
Oddíl 2
§ 548
§ 549
§ 550
§ 551
§ 552
§ 553
§ 554
§ 555
§ 556
§ 557
§ 558
§ 559
§ 560
§ 561
§ 562
§ 563
§ 564
§ 565
Oddíl 3
§ 566
§ 567
§ 568
§ 569
§ 570
§ 571
§ 572
§ 573
§ 574
DÍL XVII
§ 575
§ 576
§ 577
§ 578
§ 579
§ 580
§ 581
§ 582
§ 583
§ 584
§ 585
§ 586
§ 587
§ 588
§ 589
§ 590
§ 591
§ 592
§ 593
§ 594
§ 595
§ 596
§ 597
§ 598
§ 599
DÍL XVIII
Oddíl 1
§ 600
§ 601
§ 602
§ 603
§ 604
§ 605
§ 606
Oddíl 2
§ 607
§ 608
§ 609
§ 610
§ 611
§ 612
§ 613
§ 614
§ 615
§ 616
§ 617
§ 618
§ 619
§ 620
§ 621
§ 622
§ 623
§ 624
DÍL XIX
§ 625
§ 626
§ 627
§ 628
§ 629
§ 630
§ 631
§ 632
§ 633
§ 634
§ 635
§ 636
§ 637
§ 638
§ 639
§ 640
§ 641
§ 642
§ 643
§ 644
§ 645
§ 646
§ 647
§ 648
§ 649
§ 650
§ 651
§ 652
DÍL XX
Oddíl 1
§ 653
§ 654
§ 655
§ 656
§ 657
§ 658
§ 659
§ 660
Oddíl 2
§ 661
§ 662
§ 663
§ 664
Oddíl 3
§ 665
§ 666
§ 667
§ 668
§ 669
§ 670
§ 671
§ 672
§ 673
§ 674
§ 675
Oddíl 4
§ 676
§ 677
§ 678
§ 679
§ 680
Oddíl 5
§ 681
§ 682
§ 683
§ 684
§ 685
DÍL XXI
§ 686
§ 687
§ 688
§ 689
DÍL XXII
Oddíl 1
§ 690
§ 691
§ 692
§ 693
Oddíl 2
§ 694
§ 695
§ 696
DÍL XXIII
§ 697
§ 698
§ 699
§ 700
§ 701
§ 702
DÍL XXIV
§ 703
§ 704
§ 705
§ 706
§ 707
§ 708
§ 709
§ 710
§ 711
§ 712
§ 713
§ 714
§ 715
DÍL XXV
§ 716
§ 717
§ 718
DÍL XXVI
§ 719
§ 720
HLAVA V
§ 721
§ 722
§ 723
§ 724
§ 725
§ 726
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Regulation Information
| Citation | Act No. 101 / 1963 Coll., on Legal Relations in International Trade (International Trade Code) |
|---|---|
| Regulation Type | - |
| Author | - |
| Collection | Code of Laws |
| Date of Promulgation | 18.12.1963 |
|---|---|
| Effective from | 01.04.1964 |
| Effective until | - |
| Status | Valid |
The regulation text is for informational purposes only.
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